Comparative metabolomics of Phialemonium curvatum as an omnipotent fungus cultivated on crude palm oil versus glucose

Abstract

Background Sugars and triglycerides are common carbon sources for microorganisms. Nonetheless, a systematic comparative interpretation of metabolic changes upon vegetable oil or glucose as sole carbon source is still lacking. Selected fungi that can grow in acidic mineral salt media (MSM) with vegetable oil had been identified recently. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the overall metabolite changes of an omnipotent fungus and to reveal changes at central carbon metabolism corresponding to both carbon sources. Results Targeted and non-targeted metabolomics for both polar and semi-polar metabolites of Phialemonium curvatum AWO2 (DSM 23903) cultivated in MSM with palm oil (MSM-P) or glucose (MSM-G) as carbon sources were obtained. Targeted metabolomics on central carbon metabolism of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and glyoxylate cycle were analysed using LC–MS/MS-TripleQ and GC–MS, while untargeted metabolite profiling was performed using LC–MS/MS-QTOF followed by multivariate analysis. Targeted metabolomics analysis showed that glyoxylate pathway and TCA cycle were recruited at central carbon metabolism for triglyceride and glucose catabolism, respectively. Significant differences in organic acids concentration of about 4- to 8-fold were observed for citric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, and oxaloacetic acid. Correlation of organic acids concentration and key enzymes involved in the central carbon metabolism was further determined by enzymatic assays. On the other hand, the untargeted profiling revealed seven metabolites undergoing significant changes between MSM-P and MSM-G cultures. Conclusions Overall, this study has provided insights on the understanding on the effect of triglycerides and sugar as carbon source in fungi global metabolic pathway, which might become important for future optimization of carbon flux engineering in fungi to improve organic acids production when vegetable oil is applied as the sole carbon source.

Enhancement of Growth and Secondary Metabolites by the Combined Treatment of Trace Elements and Hydrogen Water in Wheat Sprouts

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Targeted Metabolomics Using LC‐MS in Neurospora crassa

“…Untargeted LC‐MS was implemented to discover 10 new secondary metabolites produced by biosynthetic gene clusters in Fusarium graminearum (Adpressa et al., 2019). Metabolomes of Phialemonium curvatum strains were characterized after cultivation on crude palm oil vs. glucose using targeted LC‐MS and GC‐MS (Zamani et al., 2020). In the nematode‐trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora , untargeted LC‐MS was performed on cell supernatants with over 8000 downregulated compounds detected in a mutant compared to a wild‐type strain (Bai et al., 2021).…”

Aspergillus fumigatus AR04 obeys Arrhenius' rule in cultivation temperature shifts from 30 to 40°C

“…Recently, these disadvantages were overcome by Phialemonium curvatum (Barig et␣al ., 2011) growing in 100‐litre plastic vessels in selective minimal medium. As reported recently (Barig et␣al ., 2017; Zamani et␣al ., 2020), different Aspergillus species as well as P. curvatum using crude palm oil as the sole source of carbon and energy were found to have an omnipotent anabolism.…”