Comparative Metabolite Profiling of Wild and Cultivated Justicia procumbens L. Based on 1H-NMR Spectroscopy and HPLC-DAD Analysis

Abstract

<jats:p>Justicia procumbens L. is known across Korea, India, China, and Taiwan as a remedy against fever, cough, sore throat, and cirrhosis of ascites. J. procumbens provides the raw material for a candidate anti-asthma drug (DW2008S) currently completing phase I clinical trials sponsored by Dong Wha Pharmaceutical Company. HPLC-DAD was used to quantify phytochemical constituents of J. procumbens, and HPLC and 1H-NMR results were assessed by multivariate analysis. This is the first time a comparative study using HPLC-DAD and NMR fingerprints has been applied to identify chemical differences between wild and cultivated J. procumbens. The amount of justicidin B as the marker compound was higher in cultivated samples (0.80 ± 0.25 mg/g) than in wild ones (0.63 ± 0.30 mg/g). Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) from HPLC and NMR data revealed that there were clear differences between wild and cultivated types and identified five secondary metabolites, which could help distinguish between wild and cultivated plants. Among these five lignans, diphyllin showed the most potent discrimination between two types and was significantly detected higher in cultivated ones than in wild ones. A combination of 1H-NMR and HPLC-DAD analysis is effective for J. procumbens standardization and metabolomics studies.</jats:p>

Preventive effects of the butanol fraction of Justicia procumbens L. against dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotubes

“…Justicia procumbens L. (Acanthaceae), Jwi-kko-ri-mang-cho in Korean, is widely distributed in central and southern Korea, China, Japan, India, and Taiwan [ 14 ]. Previous studies have reported that J. procumbens is composed of various ingredients such as lignans, lignan glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, and triterpenes [ 15 ]. Lignans and lignan glycosides are major constituents of J. procumbens , which exhibits various pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-hepatitis, and anti-platelet aggregation [ 16 ].…”