Comparative metabolism of malathion-14C in plants and animals

Bourke, John B.; Broderick, E. J.; Hackler, L. R.; Lippold, P. C.

doi:10.1021/jf60158a016

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This is in agreement with the results published by Bourke et al (1968). The results of the present study show that malathion is rapidly distributed to different organs in the rat, with the highest concentration found in the kidney.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Distribution and elimination of [14C]malathion in the rat

Muan¹,

Nafstad²

1989

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Distribution and elimination of [14C]malathion in the rat

Muan¹,

Nafstad²

1989

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Massive programs for mosquito control were established in municipal areas and, in many instances, treatment involved application of malathion on or near saline marshes which serve as nursery grounds for a variety of marine species (24). Like most organophosphates, malathion is considered to be nonpersistent, and it is degraded in soils (11,19,21,23,28,29), in aquatic systems (9,20), and in terrestrial plants and animals (3,5,10). Despite the studies on toxicity of malathion to freshwater and marine fishes (7,8,14,15) and marine invertebrates (4), and of fate after application to an estuary (6,26), little information is available concerning degradation of this chemical in a salt-marsh environment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of malathion by salt-marsh microorganisms

Bourquin¹

1977

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Numerous bacteria from a salt-marsh environment are capable of degrading malathion, an organophosphate insecticide, when supplied with additional nutrients as energy and carbon sources. Seven isolates exhibited ability (48 to 90%) to degrade malathion as a sole carbon source. Gas and thin-layer chromatography and infrared spectroscopy confirmed malathion to be degraded via malathion-monocarboxylic acid to the dicarboxylic acid and then to various phosphothionates. These techniques also identified desmethyl-malathion, phosphorothionates, and four-carbon dicarboxylic acids as degradation products formed as a result of phosphatase activity.

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“…Many noninsecticidal compounds have been found to be strong synergists of some insecticides (Casida, 1970). It is generally believed that the synergists act by inhibiting the detoxification of the insecticides (Barnes and Fellig, 1969 ;Bigley, 1966;Casida, 1970;Georghiou and Metcalf, 1961 ;Plapp and Tong, 1966).…”

Section: Influence Of Propanil On Carbaryl Metabolism-time Coursementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is generally believed that the synergists act by inhibiting the detoxification of the insecticides (Barnes and Fellig, 1969 ;Bigley, 1966;Casida, 1970;Georghiou and Metcalf, 1961 ;Plapp and Tong, 1966). This study indicates that some herbicides such as linuron and propanil may also act as synergists with some insecticides by inhibiting the detoxification of the insecticides in the plants.…”

Section: Influence Of Propanil On Carbaryl Metabolism-time Coursementioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of herbicides on insecticide metabolism in leaf tissues

Chang¹,

Stephenson²,

Smith³

1971

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The influence of six herbicides on the metabolism of the insecticides 1 -naphthyl methylcarbamate (carbaryl), 0-ethyl S-phenyl ethylphosphonodithioate (Dyfonate), and diethyl mercaptosuccinate S ester with 0,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate (malathion), was studied in leaf discs of tomato or bean. The herbicides 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-l -methoxy-1 -methylurea (linuron) and 3 ',4'-dichloropropionanilide (propanil) inhibited the metabolism of Dyfonate and malathion in bean tissue, while carbaryl metabolism in tomato was inhibited by linuron but stimulated by isopropyl rn-chlorocarbanilate (chlorpropham). Propanil did not inhibit the overall rate of disappearance of the carbaryl but did inhibit the conversion of one metabolite of carbaryl to another. 3,6-Dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba), 5-amino-4-chloro-2-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone (pyrazon) and N-(l,l-dimethylpropynyl)-3,5-dichlorobenzamide (Kerb) did not affect the metabolism of the three insecticides.here are numerous reports of herbicidal activity being influenced by insecticides (Chang et at., 1971 ; Kaufman T et al., 1970). These interactions most commonly result in increases in phytotoxicity due to an inhibition of herbicide degradation by the insecticides (Raufman et al., 1970;Matsunaka, 1968;Swanson and Swanson, 1968;Yih et al., 1968). Little is known about the influence of herbicides on insecticides when these chemicals are present together.This study was initiated t o determine the effects of various herbicides on the metabolism and persistence of several insecticides in plant tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODSThe insecticides studied were carbaryl, Dyfonate, and malathion. These chemicals were all labelled with carbon-14 and each had a radiochemical purity of at least 99%. Their chemical names, specific activities, and sources are listed in Table I, along with the names and sources of the nonlabeled herbicides. With the exception of pyrazon, the herbicides were all technical grade of high purity. Pyrazon was repurified by recrystallization before use.Two plant species, bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Red Kidney) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculenturn Mill. cv. John Baer) were grown in soil in a growth chamber (16-hr day, 21" C and 8-hr night, 18" C). Leaf discs, 11 mm in diameter, cut from tomato leaves were used for the metabolism study with carbaryl, and leaf discs from the primary leaves of bean were used for the study with Dyfonate and malathion. Fifteen leaf discs constituted one sample and duplicate samples were used in each treatment.Experimental procedures were similar to those reported previously (Chang et al., 1971). Briefly, the radio-labelled insecticides were dissolved in 0.35 M mannitol with or without each nonlabelled herbicide and were fed t o the freshly cut leaf discs by vacuum infiltration. The treated leaf tissues were removed from the treatment solution and incubated in a growth cabinet at 25" C in light (12,000 lux) for various lengths of time, depending on the experiment. The leaf tissues were then freeze-killed and extracted with ethano...

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Comparative metabolism of malathion-14C in plants and animals

Cited by 23 publications

References 7 publications

Distribution and elimination of [14C]malathion in the rat

Distribution and elimination of [14C]malathion in the rat

Degradation of malathion by salt-marsh microorganisms

Influence of herbicides on insecticide metabolism in leaf tissues

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