Comparative metabolism of 2,2,5-endo-6-exo,8,9,10-heptachlorobornane and toxaphene in six mammalian species and chickens

Toxaphene and Other Persistent Organochlorine Pesticides in Three Species of Albatrosses From the North and South Pacific Ocean

“…One of the difficulties in characterizing concentrations and sources of toxaphene and chlordane is that they are both extensively biotransformed by mammals and birds [9][10][11][12][13]. The metabolism of toxaphene has been studied in chickens [14] but its metabolism by other avian species has not been investigated [10]. Information on the concentrations of toxaphene and chlordane in avian species generally, and seabirds in particular, is limited.…”

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on contaminants in the food chain [CONTAM] related to camphechlor as undesirable substance in animal feed

“…In chickens as in mammals, orally ingested camphechlor is stored mainly in the fat tissue (Bush et al, 1978). The pattern of residues present in fat 72 hours after oral administration of camphechlor was similar to the original camphechlor pattern, but differed greatly from the hepatic congener profile (Saleh et al, 1979), suggesting that in fat mainly parent compound is stored, whereas in the liver mainly contained camphechlor metabolites. Carry over ratio (concentration in tissue/concentration in feed at steady state) observed in chickens fed camphechlor at doses of 0.22 to 3.82 mg/kg feed for periods up to 8 weeks were: fat 4.9, heart and gizzard 0.16, leg muscle 0.13, kidney 0.09, breast muscle 0.05 and liver 0.03.…”

“…Moreover, sulfate and glucuronide conjugates were detected in urine and faeces of rat receiving a single oral dose of 14 C-camphechlor Casida, 1978, Chandurkar andMatsumura, 1979). The metabolism of CHB 32 was investigated in mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits, monkeys and chicken (Saleh et al, 1979). As for camphechlor, CHB 32 was metabolized to partially dechlorinated products and a small amount was eliminated as unmetabolized parent compound.…”

Interactions with the Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid A-Receptor

“…Toxaphene (camphechlor) is a complex mixture of some 177 compounds obtained by chlorinating camphene to a 67-69% chlorine content (Pollock and Kilgore, 1980;Saleh et al, 1979). The identified compounds are actually chlorinated bornanes arising from the Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement of the camphene skeleton, among which the octachloronorbornanes; 2,2,5-endo,6-exo-8,8,9,10octachloro-norbornane (17, Figure 96.7) and 2,2,5-endo, 9,9,Figure 96.7), are highly potent, with mouse ip LD 50 values of 2-3 mg/ kg (Turner et al, 1977).…”