Comparative mechanical, self-healing, and gamma attenuation properties of PVA hydrogels containing either nano- or micro-sized Bi2O3 for use as gamma-shielding materials

Tiamduangtawan, Pinyapach; Kamkaew, Chattanachporn; Kuntonwatchara, Saranya; Wimolmala, Ekachai; Saenboonruang, Kiadtisak

doi:10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109164

Cited by 41 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Other matrices such as poly(vinyl alcohol), polyimide, or isophthalic resins have been used for the preparation of Bi 2 O 3 -based composites. All of them have shown increment in their attenuation properties, especially when the filler corresponds to nanoparticles [74,75]. Moreover, composites material consisting of silicone rubber (polydimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and bismuth (III) oxide was developed as flexible, non-toxic, and X/gamma ray shielding material.…”

Section: Composites As An Approach To Enhance the Performance Of Polymers Against He-emrmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief Review on the High-Energy Electromagnetic Radiation-Shielding Materials Based on Polymer Nanocomposites

Acevedo-Del-Castillo

Águila-Toledo

Maldonado-Magnere

et al. 2021

IJMS

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This paper revises the use of polymer nanocomposites to attenuate high-energy electromagnetic radiation (HE-EMR), such as gamma radiation. As known, high-energy radiation produces drastic damage not only in facilities or electronic devices but also to life and the environment. Among the different approaches to attenuate the HE-EMR, we consider the use of compounds with a high atomic number (Z), such as lead, but as known, lead is toxic. Therefore, different works have considered low-toxicity post-transitional metal-based compounds, such as bismuth. Additionally, nanosized particles have shown higher performance to attenuate HE-EMR than those that are micro-sized. On the other hand, materials with π-conjugated systems can also play a role in spreading the energy of electrons ejected as a consequence of the interaction of HE-EMR with matter, preventing the ionization and bond scission of polymers. The different effects produced by the interactions of the matter with HE-EMR are revised. The increase of the shielding properties of lightweight, flexible, and versatile materials such as polymer-based materials can be a contribution for developing technologies to obtain more efficient materials for preventing the damage produced for the HE-EMR in different industries where it is found.

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Section: Composites As An Approach To Enhance the Performance Of Polymers Against He-emrmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief Review on the High-Energy Electromagnetic Radiation-Shielding Materials Based on Polymer Nanocomposites

Acevedo-Del-Castillo

Águila-Toledo

Maldonado-Magnere

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…The density (ρ) of each sample was determined by finding the ratio of the mass (m) to the volume (V) of the specimen [ 11 ] and the results are shown in Table 2 , which indicates that the densities tended to increase with increasing Bi 2 O 3 contents but slightly decreased with increasing wood contents. This could have been due to the much higher density of Bi 2 O 3 (ρ Bi2O3 = 8.9 g/cm 3 ) [ 12 , 19 , 23 ] compared to PVC (ρ PVC = 1.43 g/cm 3 ) [ 35 ] that resulted in the higher overall densities of the WPVC composites after the addition of Bi 2 O 3 into the composites.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, in cases where prolonged working time and/or the need to operate close to radiation sources are unavoidable, the use of appropriate and effective radiation shielding equipment is a necessary measure to ensure safety for all users [ 11 , 12 ]. Generally, materials containing high contents of heavy atoms or heavy compounds such as lead (Pb) and Pb-containing compounds (PbO and Pb 2 O 3 ) are commonly used as parts of X-ray shielding equipment that are both effective and economically accessible due to the relatively high atomic number (Z = 82) and density of Pb, which results in enhanced probabilities of interaction between the incident X-rays and the materials [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray Shielding, Mechanical, Physical, and Water Absorption Properties of Wood/PVC Composites Containing Bismuth Oxide

et al. 2021

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The potential utilization of wood/polyvinyl chloride (WPVC) composites containing an X-ray protective filler, namely bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) particles, was investigated as novel, safe, and environmentally friendly X-ray shielding materials. The wood and Bi2O3 contents used in this work varied from 20 to 40 parts per hundred parts of PVC by weight (pph) and from 0 to 25, 50, 75, and 100 pph, respectively. The study considered X-ray shielding, mechanical, density, water absorption, and morphological properties. The results showed that the overall X-ray shielding parameters, namely the linear attenuation coefficient (µ), mass attenuation coefficient (µm), and lead equivalent thickness (Pbeq), of the WPVC composites increased with increasing Bi2O3 contents but slightly decreased at higher wood contents (40 pph). Furthermore, comparative Pbeq values between the wood/PVC composites and similar commercial X-ray shielding boards indicated that the recommended Bi2O3 contents for the 20 pph (40 ph) wood/PVC composites were 35, 85, and 40 pph (40, 100, and 45 pph) for the attenuation of 60, 100, and 150-kV X-rays, respectively. In addition, the increased Bi2O3 contents in the WPVC composites enhanced the Izod impact strength, hardness (Shore D), and density, but reduced water absorption. On the other hand, the increased wood contents increased the impact strength, hardness (Shore D), and water absorption but lowered the density of the composites. The overall results suggested that the developed WPVC composites had great potential to be used as effective X-ray shielding materials with Bi2O3 acting as a suitable X-ray protective filler.

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“…High-energy photons, especially X-rays and gamma rays, are presently used in various applications, for instance, X-ray and gamma imaging for medical and industrial purposes [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], radiotherapy for cancer treatment [ 4 ], gamma irradiation on plants for mutation breeding [ 5 ], and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) for elemental analysis [ 6 ]. However, despite their benefits and potentials, excessive exposure to high-energy photons could fatally harm users and the general public [ 7 ], with the symptoms including skin burn, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea, loss of hair, damage to bone marrow, cancer, and even death [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Herein, a radiation safety principle called “As Low As Reasonably Achievable” or “ALARA” must be strictly followed in all radiation- and nuclear-related facilities [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, as technologies relying on the use of high-energy photons are rapidly expanded, development in novel and better radiation-shielding equipment is constantly pursued with specific added-on properties such as flexibility, transparency, environmental friendliness, and self-healing ability. Examples of newly developed high-energy photon-shielding materials are self-healing gamma-shielding hydrogels from nano-bismuth oxide (nano-Bi 2 O 3 )/poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA) [ 10 ], flexible ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and natural rubber (NR) composites containing metal oxides [ 13 , 14 ], biocompatible polyaniline reinforced with hybrid graphene oxide-iron tungsten nitride flakes [ 15 ], and environmental-friendly Bi 2 O 3 -filled concrete [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Determination of High-Energy Photon Attenuation and Recommended Protective Filler Contents for Flexible and Enhanced Dimensionally Stable Wood/NR and NR Composites

2021

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This work aimed to theoretically determine the high-energy-photon-shielding properties of flexible wood/natural rubber (NR) and NR composites containing photon protective fillers, namely Pb, Bi2O3, or Bi2S3, using XCOM. The properties investigated were the mass attenuation coefficient (µm), linear attenuation coefficient (µ), and half value layer (HVL) of the composites, determined at varying photon energies of 0.001–5 MeV and varying filler contents of 0–1,000 parts per hundred parts of rubber by weight (phr). The simulated results, which were in good agreement with previously reported experimental values (average difference was 5.3%), indicated that overall shielding properties increased with increasing filler contents but decreased with increasing incident photon energies. The results implied the potential of bismuth compounds, especially Bi2O3, to replace effective but highly toxic Pb as a safer high-energy-photon protective filler, evidenced by just a slight reduction in µm values compared with Pb fillers at the same filler content and photon energy. Furthermore, the results suggested that the addition of 20 phr wood particles, primarily aimed to enhance the rigidity and dimensional stability of Pb/NR, Bi2O3/NR, and Bi2S3/NR composites, did not greatly reduce shielding abilities; hence, they could be used as dimensional reinforcers for NR composites. Lastly, this work also reported the optimum Pb, Bi2O3, or Bi2S3 contents in NR and wood/NR composites at photon energies of 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 MeV, with 316–624 phr of filler being the recommended contents, of which the values depended on filler type and photon energy of interest.

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Comparative mechanical, self-healing, and gamma attenuation properties of PVA hydrogels containing either nano- or micro-sized Bi2O3 for use as gamma-shielding materials

Cited by 41 publications

References 34 publications

A Brief Review on the High-Energy Electromagnetic Radiation-Shielding Materials Based on Polymer Nanocomposites

A Brief Review on the High-Energy Electromagnetic Radiation-Shielding Materials Based on Polymer Nanocomposites

X-ray Shielding, Mechanical, Physical, and Water Absorption Properties of Wood/PVC Composites Containing Bismuth Oxide

Theoretical Determination of High-Energy Photon Attenuation and Recommended Protective Filler Contents for Flexible and Enhanced Dimensionally Stable Wood/NR and NR Composites

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