Comparative manual and digital analysis of gonial angle in lateral cephalograms for gender determination

Girdhar, Akhil; Keerthika, R.; Narwal, Anjali; Kamboj, Mala; Devi, Anju; Sharma, Rekha

doi:10.1007/s12024-023-00625-2

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Previous research has found that the coronoid process height has the highest potential for sex determination in the Indian population, with an accuracy of 71.45% when combined with other parameters such as the width of the coronoid process, the breadth of the mandibular ramus, the thickness of the mandibular structures, and its anatomical appearance. Various factors such as temporalis muscle attachment and action, unilateral chewing habit, and hormonal considerations cause variances in the morphology of the coronoid process [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Burstone’s method identified more females correctly (57.9%), while digital (62.5%) and manual (59.4%) methods were better at identifying males. Despite digital methods showing higher accuracy, caution is advised against relying solely on one method for gender prediction, emphasizing the need for comprehensive approaches in forensic gender identification [ 9 ]. Odontology is commonly used in forensic contexts to identify human remains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender Determination Through Mandibular Features on Orthopantomograms: A Preliminary Study

Arthanari,

Ravindran,

Ramalingam

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Introduction Determination of gender can be highly accurate with a complete adult skeleton, but in scenarios like mass disasters, only fragmented bones might be available. In such cases, identifying gender relies significantly on which parts of the skeleton are found. The mandible is a notably distinct bone in the skull and can be key in determining gender, especially when the entire skull is not available. The mandibular features provide clues that can help forensic experts determine the gender of an individual. Aim of the study This preliminary study aimed to determine the gender of an individual using mandibular parameters such as coronoid ramus height, condylar ramus height, projective ramus, minimum ramus breadth, and maximum ramus breadth. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine the gender of an individual using various mandibular parameters, (ii) evaluate the effectiveness of these mandibular parameters in distinguishing between male and female individuals, and (iii) establish a reliable method for gender identification based on the measured mandibular parameters. Materials and methods Since it was a preliminary study, the sample size calculation was done using G*Power software (Version 3.1.9.4; Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany). The sample size was determined to guarantee a 95% statistical power at a significance level (alpha error probability) of 0.05. To ensure sufficient statistical power, a total of 100 samples were included, with a projected sample size of 92. A total of 100 samples, evenly split between 50 males and 50 females aged 20 to 30 years, were analyzed. Orthopantomograms (OPGs) showing pathologies, fractures, developmental disturbances of the mandible, and edentulous mandibles were excluded from the study. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS for Windows, Version 16.0 (Released 2007; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Additionally, an accuracy test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), multiple regression, and discriminant analysis for gender were performed on individual data. Results In this study, five mandibular parameters were analyzed for gender such as coronoid ramus height, condylar ramus height, projective ramus, minimum ramus breadth, and maximum ramus breadth showed a positive correlation comparatively, and a novel formula was developed. Conclusion According to the present study, panoramic radiography can be considered a valuable tool in sex determination (with an accuracy of 90%), and all parameters of the mandible exhibited sexual dimorphism, showing they are reliable parameters with a total accuracy of 90%. However, coronoid ramus height, projective ramus, and maximum ramus breadth played a significant role in identifying gender in this particular study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Determination Through Mandibular Features on Orthopantomograms: A Preliminary Study

Arthanari,

Ravindran,

Ramalingam

et al. 2024

Cureus

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“…A person's age and gender can also be determined with the use of mandibular parameters [3]. The gonial angle, mental form, and mandibular shape are a few examples of anthropometry tools used in sex determination techniques [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Age and Gender Identification Through Mandibular Parameters Using Orthopantomography: An Observational Study

Arthanari,

Senthilkumar,

Ramalingam

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Aim This study aims to examine five mandibular parameters: coronoid ramus height, condylar ramus height, projective ramus height, minimum ramus breadth, and gonial angle, using orthopantomography (OPG). Introduction The mandible, a crucial part of the human skull, demonstrates sexual dimorphism, which makes it an important tool for determining sex in forensic and anthropological investigations. Its form and structure are relatively resistant to significant changes after death. Among all skeletal components, the mandible stands out as a primary indicator of sexual differences. In forensic investigations, establishing the age and sex of an individual is considered a crucial initial step. This process can be particularly challenging in scenarios involving mass casualties, natural calamities, or extensively fragmented remains. Due to its responsiveness to growth patterns, the mandible is adept at accurately determining both age and sex. Materials and methods This study employed a sample size of 500 individuals, split equally between males and females, with 250 participants each. The age bracket chosen for this cohort ranged from 20 to 30 years, considering that bone growth characteristics within this range can assist in sex determination. The height of the mandibular ramus was assessed using Planmeca software, and subsequent data analysis was conducted using SPSS. Results When estimating age, the condylar ramus height exhibited the smallest standard error (0.010), whereas the maximum standard error for the gonial angle was 0.028. Positive t values were observed for the gonial angle (1.182), minimum ramus breadth (0.114), and coronoid ramus height (0.733). In terms of determining sex, the gonial angle, coronoid ramus height, and projective ramus height demonstrated positive coefficient functions, specifically 0.676, 0.090, and 0.286, respectively. Conversely, both the minimum ramus breadth and the condylar ramus height displayed negative values of -0.385 and -0.126, respectively. Conclusion Among the parameters evaluated, condylar ramus height emerges as the most suitable choice for estimating age, while gonial angle, coronoid ramus height, and projective ramus height are preferable for determining sex.

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Comparative manual and digital analysis of gonial angle in lateral cephalograms for gender determination

Cited by 2 publications

References 11 publications

Gender Determination Through Mandibular Features on Orthopantomograms: A Preliminary Study

Gender Determination Through Mandibular Features on Orthopantomograms: A Preliminary Study

Exploring Age and Gender Identification Through Mandibular Parameters Using Orthopantomography: An Observational Study

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