Comparative Lipidomics of Chick Yolk Sac during the Embryogenesis Provides Insight into Understanding the Development-Related Lipid Supply

Abstract

Yolk sac (YS, include the yolk content) at different chick embryogenesis stages possesses varying lipid distributions, which are nutrition-influencing factors for the health of an early embryo and a later adult. YS lipids can substantially influence embryogenesis metabolism, but a comprehensive understanding of lipid's influence remains unknown. Herein, the effects of embryogenesis on lipid profiling of chick YS were investigated by UHPLC-MS/MS-based lipidomics. A total of 2231 lipid species across 57 subclasses were identified in the YS, and 1011 lipids were significantly different (P < 0.05) at the incubation days of 0, 7, 13, and 18. Specifically, phosphocholine and phosphatidylglycerol in late-stage embryogenesis potentially assist with prehatching gas exchange and infection resistance in the environment after lung respiration. In addition, the accumulated lysophosphatidylcholine at day 18 may induce apoptosis and disturb the membrane structure of YS to enable better absorption by the embryo abdomen. The decreased cardiolipin in late embryogenesis may be due to transportation to the embryo and integration into the mitochondrial membrane to accelerate energy metabolism for the rapidly developing embryo after day 13. Therefore, this study demonstrated the lipid profile alteration of the developing YS, providing theoretical guidance for researching the developmental origins of health and disease.

A Divergent Selection on Breast Meat Ultimate pH, a Key Factor for Chicken Meat Quality, is Associated With Different Circulating Lipid Profiles

“…However, further comparison between the lipidome of those two avian species is limited as their metabolism is most likely very different as it is, for example, the case between mice and rats ( Ishikawa et al, 2015 ). In the same way, a comparison with egg yolk lipid composition, which had been characterized extensively ( Meng et al, 2021 ; Wood et al, 2021 ), was not relevant.…”

“…Very recently, muscle lipidome was investigated as well, notably, to differentiate pig breeds ( Mi et al, 2019 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ) or to study feed efficiency in beef steers ( Artegoitia et al, 2019 ). In poultry, LC-HRMS lipidomics has been used to access the effect of oils in the diet on muscle lipidome ( Cui et al, 2020 ), muscle lipid composition in black-boned silky fowls ( Mi et al, 2018 ; Dirong et al, 2021 ), or egg yolk composition ( Meng et al, 2021 ; Wood et al, 2021 ). The blood lipidome has been considered only twice, for one study on heat stress and one on digestive efficiency markers in broilers ( Beauclercq et al, 2019 ; Guo et al, 2021 ).…”

Omics as a Window To Unravel the Dynamic Changes of Egg Components during Chicken Embryonic Development

“…AcCa is active in circulatory transport, delivering multiple acyl groups with a wide range of functions . On E7, cardiolipin accumulated in the egg yolk, a precursor step to its transport to the embryo and integration into mitochondrial membranes to enhance the faster energy metabolism in the rapidly developing embryo in later stages . Besides the egg white and egg yolk omics, Cordeiro et al performed a quantitative proteomic analysis of the eggshell membranes (ESMs) during the embryonic development .…”

“…In addition, decreased cardiolipin may be transported to the embryo for its integration into mitochondrial membranes to accelerate the energy metabolism in the rapidly expanding needs of the developing embryo after E13. On E18, the accumulation of lysophosphatidylcholine is supposed to induce apoptosis, with the help of the expression of ACSL4 mRNA, and disturb the membrane structure to enable the best absorption conditions in the embryo abdomen. , During this last third stage of incubation, YS and CAM take the essential roles in supporting the functions of several immature organs, releasing reserved nutrients, and reflecting the intense lipid metabolism, to provide the required nutrients to satisfy the embryo increasing metabolic needs for hatching.…”

“…The chick embryo development is a dynamic process with various egg components comprehensively used as biological components during the embryogenic process. , The complexity of the fertilized egg system impedes our comprehensive understanding of molecular utilization when studying individually its different constituents . With the advent of advanced omics technologies, their application to the analysis of fertilized chicken eggs has opened the door to a comprehensive, focused, and in-depth approach to investigate embryo nutrition, generating vast amounts of information and enabling us to monitor thousands of molecules simultaneously. − To understand the complex components in an egg under incubation, non-invasive omics platforms provide information on the various molecules present in the different egg compartments, from the egg yolk to the shell. These techniques are primarily aimed at the detection of mRNAs (transcriptome), proteins (proteome), and metabolites (metabolome) and generate a massive amount of data, covering fields ranging from gene expression to protein and metabolite patterns, usually through the specific extraction or labeling method (like tandem mass tag labeling technology in the proteomic analysis) together with high-throughput sequencing technology .…”