Comparative life cycle assessment of hydrogen-fuelled passenger cars

Candelaresi, Daniele; Valente, António; Iribarren, Diego; Dufour, Javier; Spazzafumo, Giuseppe

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.01.034

Cited by 80 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In this regard, facing the mobility sector, internal combustion engines (ICE) need to compete with battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). Selected advantages of ICEs compared to BEVs and FCEVs are the robustness towards ambient conditions as well as fuel and air impurities, the low demand for rare earths and precious metals and the well-established development and production processes [1,2]. Air/hydrogen charges have ignition limits of 0.15 < λ < 10.5 which are much wider than those of conventional fuels such as gasoline or diesel, enabling both operation principles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concepts for Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines and Their Implications on the Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment System

et al. 2021

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Hydrogen as carbon-free fuel is a very promising candidate for climate-neutral internal combustion engine operation. In comparison to other renewable fuels, hydrogen does obviously not produce CO2 emissions. In this work, two concepts of hydrogen internal combustion engines (H2-ICEs) are investigated experimentally. One approach is the modification of a state-of-the-art gasoline passenger car engine using hydrogen direct injection. It targets gasoline-like specific power output by mixture enrichment down to stoichiometric operation. Another approach is to use a heavy-duty diesel engine equipped with spark ignition and hydrogen port fuel injection. Here, a diesel-like indicated efficiency is targeted through constant lean-burn operation. The measurement results show that both approaches are applicable. For the gasoline engine-based concept, stoichiometric operation requires a three-way catalyst or a three-way NOX storage catalyst as the primary exhaust gas aftertreatment system. For the diesel engine-based concept, state-of-the-art selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts can be used to reduce the NOx emissions, provided the engine calibration ensures sufficient exhaust gas temperature levels. In conclusion, while H2-ICEs present new challenges for the development of the exhaust gas aftertreatment systems, they are capable to realize zero-impact tailpipe emission operation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concepts for Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines and Their Implications on the Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment System

et al. 2021

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“…Several authors agree on the suitability of hydrogen in fuel cell passenger vehicles as an alternative mobility option. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] In this regard, the review presented by Valente et al 25 found an increasing scientific interest in assessing the environmental performance of hydrogen systems through LCA. In particular, the review pointed out that most LCA studies focused on the decarbonisation of the transport sector as a whole using hydrogen as an alternative fuel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of hydrogen in heavy transport to operate within planetary boundaries

Valente

Tulus

Galán‐Martín

et al. 2021

Sustainable Energy Fuels

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“…In assessing the total carbon footprint of a vehicle, the availability of information is a critical aspect potentially hampering the completeness of emission inventory. These availability of data in the emission from peripheral and supporting activities as well as assembly would affect the accuracy when assessing the total carbon footprint using life-cycle assessment (LCA) and PCF [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment of Electric Vehicles and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles Using the GREET Model—A Comparative Study

Wong

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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Facing global warming and recent bans on the use of diesel in vehicles, there is a growing need to develop vehicles powered by renewable energy sources to mitigate greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions. Among the various forms of non-fossil energy for vehicles, hydrogen fuel is emerging as a promising way to combat global warming. To date, most studies on vehicle carbon emissions have focused on diesel and electric vehicles (EVs). Emission assessment methodologies are usually developed for fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) which are non-durable household goods such as packaged foods, beverages, and toiletries instead of vehicle products. There is an increase in the number of articles addressing the product carbon footprint (PCF) of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in the recent years, while relatively little research focuses on both vehicle PCF and fuel cycle. Zero-emission vehicles initiative has also brought the importance of investigating the emission throughout the fuel cycle of hydrogen fuel cell and its environmental impact. To address these gaps, this study uses the life-cycle assessment (LCA) process of GREET (greenhouse gases, regulated emissions, and energy use in transportation) to compare the PCF of an EV (Tesla Model 3) and a hydrogen fuel cell car (Toyota MIRAI). According to the GREET results, the fuel cycle contributes significantly to the PCF of both vehicles. The findings also reveal the need for greater transparency in the disclosure of relevant information on the PCF methodology adopted by vehicle manufacturers to enable comparison of their vehicles’ emissions. Future work will include examining the best practices of PCF reporting for vehicles powered by renewable energy sources as well as examining the carbon footprints of hydrogen production technologies based on different methodologies.

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Comparative life cycle assessment of hydrogen-fuelled passenger cars

Cited by 80 publications

References 58 publications

Concepts for Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines and Their Implications on the Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment System

Concepts for Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines and Their Implications on the Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment System

The role of hydrogen in heavy transport to operate within planetary boundaries

Life Cycle Assessment of Electric Vehicles and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles Using the GREET Model—A Comparative Study

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