Comparative Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis

Ebenhoch, Raphael; Matha, Denis; Marathe, Sheetal Dattatraya; Muñoz, Paloma Cortes; Molins, Climent

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.413

Cited by 58 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Equations (14) and (15) show examples of how these masses can vary as a function of the rotor radius, being m 1 and m 4 in metric tons and R in meters. However, it also increases the mass of the system, especially the rotor m 1 , tower m 4 , and floating platform m 5 (in case of FOWTs) as a function of R, resulting in an increase of the denominator of M2, lowering M2.…”

Section: Rotor Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Metric Space with LCOE Isolines for Research Guidance in wind and hydrokinetic energy systems

García-Sanz

2019

Wind Energy

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This paper introduces a new Metric Space to guide the design of advanced wind energy systems and hydrokinetic energy converters such as tidal, ocean current and riverine turbines. The Metric Space can analyse farms that combine different or identical turbines and stand-alone turbines. The first metric (M1) of the space considers the efficiency of the turbines in the farm, which is also proportional to the specific power per swept area at a given wind/water velocity (W/m 2 ). The second metric (M2) describes the specific rotor area per unit of mass of the turbines (m 2 /kg). Both metrics depend on the primary design characteristics of the turbines, such as swept area, system size and mass, materials and efficiency, and are independent at first from external characteristics, such as atmospheric and ocean site conditions, cost of materials and economic factors. Combining both metrics, and for a given set of external characteristics, the resulting Metric Space M2/M1 displays the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) standards as isolines. This graphical representation provides a quick understanding of the cost and state of the technology. It also offers a practical guidance to choose the research tasks and strategy to design advanced wind and hydrokinetic energy systems. The paper applies the new Metric Space to several case studies, including large and small onshore wind turbines, floating and bottom-fixed offshore wind turbines, downwind rotors, multi-rotor and hybrid systems, airborne wind energy systems, wind farms and tidal energy converters. KEYWORDS hydrokinetic energy systems, Levelized cost of energy, performance metrics, research strategy, tidal energy systems, wind energy systems, wind farms, wind turbines | INTRODUCTIONMetrics play a critical role in research and technical innovation. Optimal and practical metrics are often not easy to find. When found, they certainly help to quantify the performance of the technology and to discover new ways to improve design and operation.Over the last few decades, the Levelized Cost of Energy, or LCOE, is been used to characterize the technical capabilities and economic opportunities of wind and water energy systems. The LCOE has shown to be particularly useful for selecting the site between different options for a given wind or water turbine technology, and for comparing different technologies at the same point in time, avoiding the dependence of economic factors on the temporal variability. Every year, international agencies and centers publish detailed reports of the LCOE achieved by wind and water energy systems over different regions and countries in the World. As described in these annual reports, the LCOE for onshore wind energy systems has been constantly reduced, from over $0.60/kWh in the early 80s to $0.03-0.05/kWh at the end of 2018.

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Section: Rotor Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13). As the final study is about the relative position of the (M1,M2) point and the LCOE isoline, this rated power tradeoff needs also to be analyzed case-by-casesee alsoFig.7 14. However, increasing the rated power also increases the Annual Energy Production (AEP), which lowers the position of the LCOE isoline in the Metric Space.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Metric Space with LCOE Isolines for Research Guidance in wind and hydrokinetic energy systems

García-Sanz

2019

Wind Energy

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“…The disadvantage of such renewable power generation is the uncontrollability, as the power production varies with the speed of the wind. In order to carry massive amounts of power through a submarine cable (shown in Figure 1) connecting an offshore renewable power generation source, such as a wind farm, to an onshore station and simultaneously minimise the levelised energy costs (LEC) [5], it is essential to select the most suitable cable for each specific case. A way to achieve this is to change the design phase and dynamically rate cables on the basis of a worst-case estimation of varying load profiles and surrounding conditions (shown in Figure 1) of different cable environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rating cables to conduct the actual current I a is performed through a thermal cable behaviour analysis, proposed in IEC 60853-2 [8]. This way, the selection of cable parameters can be improved, which can result in an economic advantage in the development phase [5]. Thermal considerations of offshore submarine cables are worthy of investigation, as the thermal soil conditions are better than those onshore.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Rating of Three-Core XLPE Submarine Cables for Offshore Wind Farms

2019

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This article aims to determine the most suitable cross-sectional area for a high voltage alternating current (HVAC) submarine cable in the design phase of new projects. A thermal ladder network method (LNM) was used to analyse the thermal behaviour in the centre of the conductor as the hottest spot of the cable. On the basis of the calculated cable parameters and a thermal cable analysis of transient conditions applied by a step function with a time duration greater than 1 h, this article proposes a method for a dynamic rating of submarine cables. The dynamic rating is accomplished through an iterative process. The method was tested with a MATLAB simulation and validated in comparison with a finite element method (FEM)-based approach.

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“…In order to carry the massive amounts of power through a submarine cable (shown in Fig. 1) connecting a offshore renewable power generation source, such as a wind farm to a onshore station and at the same time minimise the levelised energy costs (LEC) [5], it is essential to select the most suitable cable for each specific case. A way to accommodate this is to change the design-phase and dynamically rate cables based on a worst case estimation of varying load profiles and surrounding conditions (shown in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Rating of Three-Core XLPE Submarine Cables Considering the Impact of Renewable Power Generation

Nielsen

Jakobsen

Savaghebi

2019

2019 IEEE 13th International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics and Power Engineering (CPE-POWERENG)

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This paper discusses how to determine the most suitable high voltage alternating current (HVAC) submarine cable in the design phase of new projects. A thermal ladder network method (LNM) is used to analyse the thermal behaviour in the centre of the conductor as the hottest spot of the cable. Based on an approved static cable rating method and thermal cable analysis of transient conditions, applied by a step function with transient time duration greater than one hour, this paper proposes a method for a dynamic rating of submarine cables. The dynamic rating accomplished through an iterative process. The method is tested with MATLAB simulation and validated in comparison to a finite element method (FEM) based approach with high accuracy.

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Comparative Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis

Cited by 58 publications

References 2 publications

A Metric Space with LCOE Isolines for Research Guidance in wind and hydrokinetic energy systems

A Metric Space with LCOE Isolines for Research Guidance in wind and hydrokinetic energy systems

Dynamic Rating of Three-Core XLPE Submarine Cables for Offshore Wind Farms

Dynamic Rating of Three-Core XLPE Submarine Cables Considering the Impact of Renewable Power Generation

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