Comparative leaf morphology spectra of plant communities in New Zealand, the Andes and the European Alps

Halloy, Stephan; Mark, A. F.

doi:10.1080/03014223.1996.9517504

Cited by 77 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…That leaf size decreases with increasingly stressful conditions (e.g., high altitude, dry sites, cold and infertile environments) is widely reported in the literature (e.g., Chapin 1980;Wolfe 1995;Halloy and Mark 1996;Cunningham et al 1999;Wright et al , 2004. In our study, the alpine environments are characterized by cold and short growing seasons, or by low rainfall and high transpiration rates (QPSIG 1992).…”

Section: Leaf Size Frequency Distributions Within Habitatsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Testing the generality of the ‘leafing intensity premium’ hypothesis in temperate broad-leaved forests: a survey of variation in leaf size within and between habitats

Sun

2009

Evol Ecol

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Because leaf size scales negatively and isometrically with leaf number per shoot size (leafing intensity) in woody species, and because most tree and shrub species have small leaves, Kleiman and Aarssen (J Ecol 95:376-382, 2007) recently proposed that natural selection favors high leafing intensity resulting in small leaves, i.e., the leafingintensity-premium hypothesis. However, empirical evidence for or against this hypothesis is still lacking. In addition, this hypothesis has not been examined in the context of how leaf size varies among habitats. To fill this void, we investigated leaf size frequency distributions of woody species from temperate China and explored the relationships among leaf mass, leaf number, and stem mass of current-year shoots of 133 woody species at low and high altitudes of three mountain ranges. The scaling relationships between leaf size and leafing intensity (leaf number per stem mass) were determined using both standardized major axis regression analyses and phylogenetically independent comparative techniques. In light of the leafing-intensity-premium hypothesis, we made three predictions: (1) leaf size frequency distributions should be right-skewed for each local study area and for the entire study region, (2) leafing intensities at different altitudes at different sites should differ while leafing intensities at comparable altitudes should be similar baring large taxonomic differences among sites, and (3) that leafing intensity should be higher for any given leaf size in habitats with small-leaved species. Significant negative and isometric scaling relationships between leaf size and leafing intensity were found to be consistently conserved independent of habitat type, both across species and across correlated evolutionary divergences. Within each mountain range or across the entire study region, leaf size frequency distributions were right-skewed, in accordance with our prediction. However, leafing intensity was smaller for any given leaf size at the altitude with smaller leafed 123Evol Ecol (2010) 24:685-701 DOI 10.1007 species than for altitudes characterized by large leafed species, i.e., altitudes characterized by species with small leaves did not have consistently higher leafing intensities than other altitudes on each mountain range. Our analyses therefore indicate the direct adaptive value of leaf size but not the selective advantage in high leafing intensity as posited by the leafing-intensity-premium hypothesis. We suggest that this hypothesis explains less about the variation of leaf size among different habitats as it does about variation within habitats, i.e., the relative importance of the adaptive significance of leafing intensity and leaf size can and does vary with habitats.

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Section: Leaf Size Frequency Distributions Within Habitatsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Testing the generality of the ‘leafing intensity premium’ hypothesis in temperate broad-leaved forests: a survey of variation in leaf size within and between habitats

Sun

2009

Evol Ecol

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“…In a similar study, Halloy & Mark (1996) compared the leaf morphology of alpine plants in New Zealand, South America, and Europe. They found that leaf morphology was broadly similar between locales which shared similar environmental conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A morphological comparison of leaf heteroblasty between New Caledonia and New Zealand

Burns¹,

Dawson²

2006

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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Leaf heteroblasty, or pronounced changes in leaf morphology during plant development, is a conspicuous phenomenon on many isolated islands. However, morphological comparisons have not been made between islands, and the processes responsible for island heteroblasty are poorly understood. We investigated differences in leaf morphology of heteroblastic trees and shrubs in New Caledonia and New Zealand. Heteroblastic leaves were collected in field searches in several comparable habitat types in both countries. Leaf area, lobing, and degree of circularity were measured on juvenile and adult leaves from 31 species belonging to 19 plant families. Multivariate analysis of variance was then used to compare ontogenetic changes in leaf morphology between countries. Results showed that juvenile leaves were smaller and more lobed than adult leaves. Life history stage did not interact with country, indicating that morphological shifts between juvenile and adult leaves did not differ between New Caledonia and New Zealand. We conclude that island heteroblasty is similar in both locales, despite their strongly different climates, and the phenomenon likely results from some aspect of their shared geological history.

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“…La variación morfológica de las hojas de Quercus es de gran interés debido a que muchas especies están sometidas a una fuerte presión de selección local, que las ha llevado a la diferenciación entre poblaciones e individuos (González-Rodríguez & Oyama, 2005;TovarSánchez & Oyama, 2004;Sack et al, 2006). Las hojas son el principal órgano fotosintético de las plantas, lo que las hace altamente sensibles a cambios en la luz (Álvarez, Sánchez-González, & Granados-Sánchez, 2009;Halloy & Mark, 1996), ciclos fenológicos, ritmos de crecimiento (González-Rodríguez & Oyama, 2005;Nikolic, Krstic, Pajevic, & Orlovic, 2006), época del año y posición de la hoja en el árbol (Ponton, Dupoguey, & Dreyer, 2004). Además de las características biológicas intrínsecas de los árboles, existe un componente genético que explica la plasticidad foliar por expresión diferencial adaptativa, la cual es característica del género (González-Rodríguez & Oyama, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…The Museo, Hsevilla and Coapexpan sites, that are environmentally different, have lesser morphological differentiation than expected, under the model of regression with markov chains. Other studies have reported morphological differences in the species exposed to climatic variation, due to this the differences in size and symmetry are usually associated to the environment in which each sub-population grows (Álvarez et al, 2009;Halloy & Mark, 1996). Furthermore, in other species of oak, it has been reported that the size of the leaf is related to humidity; the leaves are bigger in humid places and their size decreases gradually in relation to the increase of dryness (González-Rodríguez & Oyama, 2005; Uribe-Salas, Sáenz-Romero, González-Rodríguez, Téllez-Valdés, & Oyama, 2008).…”

Section: Analysis Of the Morphological And Environmental Relationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The morphological variation of the Quercus leaves is of high interest due to the fact that several species have been subjected to high local selection pressure, which has caused the differentiation between populations and individual subjects (González-Rodríguez & Oyama, 2005;Tovar-Sánches & Oyama, 2004;Sack et al, 2006). Leaves are the main photosynthetic organ of plants, which makes them highly sensitive to the changes in light (Álvarez, Sánchez-González, & GranadosSánchez, 2009;Halloy & Mark, 1996), phenological cycles, growth rates (González-Rodríguez & Oyama, 2005;Nikolic, Krstic, Pajevic & Orlovic, 2006), time of the year and position of the leaf in the tree (Ponton, Dupoguey & Dreyer, 2004). In addition to the intrinsic biological characteristics of the tree, there is a genetic factor that explains the foliar plasticity by adaptive differential expression, which is a characteristic of the genus (González-Rodríguez & Oyama, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efecto de la fragmentación en la morfometría foliar y el ambiente de Quercus germana Schldl. & Cham. (Fagaceae) en Xalapa, Veracruz

Martínez-Munguía¹,

Ortiz-Ceballos²,

Rebolledo-Camacho³

et al. 2015

Rev Cha Se Cie For y del Amb

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Quercus germana es una especie endémica del bosque mesófilo de montaña de México. La presión de selección que la fragmentación y los cambios ambientales ejercen, sugieren diferenciación fenotípica. Por lo anterior, la relación de la diferenciación foliar de Q. germana con la fragmentación y las condiciones ambientales se evaluó en seis sitios del bosque mesófilo de Xalapa, Veracruz. Para ello, se colectaron 10 hojas de las ramas nones de 30 individuos por sitio; se midieron 10 características morfométricas foliares y siete ambientales. Los análisis de varianza se realizaron con el modelo linear generalizado; se utilizó un análisis discriminante, se construyeron árboles de ligamiento UPGMA y se proyectaron las poblaciones tridimensionalmente. Las distancias de Mahalanobis se compararon con una prueba de Mantel para estimar la relación morfométrica y ambiental. Las variables morfológicas que mejor separan los sitios son mucrones, nervaduras y tamaño del peciolo. Ambientalmente, las variables más discriminantes son luz, temperatura y pérdida de humedad. La prueba de Mantel no mostró relación entre las diferencias morfométricas y ambientales (r = 0.090, P = 0.306). Las subpoblaciones de Q. germana son morfológicamente diferentes a pesar de la distancia corta que las separa, lo cual indica que posiblemente son afectadas por la fragmentación aún sin influencia ambiental.

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Comparative leaf morphology spectra of plant communities in New Zealand, the Andes and the European Alps

Cited by 77 publications

References 49 publications

Testing the generality of the ‘leafing intensity premium’ hypothesis in temperate broad-leaved forests: a survey of variation in leaf size within and between habitats

Testing the generality of the ‘leafing intensity premium’ hypothesis in temperate broad-leaved forests: a survey of variation in leaf size within and between habitats

A morphological comparison of leaf heteroblasty between New Caledonia and New Zealand

Efecto de la fragmentación en la morfometría foliar y el ambiente de Quercus germana Schldl. & Cham. (Fagaceae) en Xalapa, Veracruz

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