“…For instance, the knowledge base of designerly thinking and doing, though growing, is yet to be articulated in terms of "what" constitutes design knowledge, "how" it is constituted, "when" and "how" it is and can be acquired, and "why" it matters (Buckley et al, 2021). Furthermore, methodological frameworks for guiding, measuring, and evaluating designerly thinking, doing, and learning are in their developmental stages, indicating a need for empirical studies (Blom and Bogaers, 2020;Hartell and Buckley, 2021). The ontological perspectives of design-its nature, its purpose, and its role in learning and societal progress-are also subjects of ongoing discourse (Norström and Hallström, 2023).…”