Comparative inflorescence development in selected Andean Santalales

Suaza-Gaviria, Vanessa; González, Favio; Pabón‐Mora, Natalia

doi:10.3732/ajb.1600253

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The presence of two lateral bracteoles in addition to the subtending bract in flowers of T. aphyllus Tiegh. ex Barlow & Wiens and T. corymbosus (L.) Kuijt (Reiche 1904;Kuijt 1988) supports the interpretation that each flower along the terminal raceme in T. longebracteatus and T. secundus corresponds to a dichasium reduced to the terminal flower (Suaza-Gaviria & al. 2017).…”

Section: Inflorescence Development and Structuresupporting

confidence: 51%

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Inflorescence and floral traits of the Colombian species of <em>Tristerix (Loranthaceae)</em> related to hummingbird pollination

González

Pabón‐Mora

2017

Anal. Jard. Bot. Madr.

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Abstract. Floral diversification in Loranthaceae reaches its highest peak in the Andes. The flowers of the exclusively Andean genus Tristerix exhibit tubular and vividly coloured flowers pollinated by hummingbirds. We studied inflorescence and flower morphoanatomy of the two Colombian species, T. longebracteatus and the highly endangered T. secundus. Both species have terminal racemes with up to 26 ebracteolate flowers, of which the proximal one opens and sets fruits first. The slightly irregular calyx initiation is followed by the simultaneous initiation of petals and the successive initiation of stamens. Anthesis is fenestrate, explosive, and triggered by the tension of the style against the abaxial petals, a mode so far not reported in Loranthaceae. Anthetic petals spread symmetrically in T. longebracteatus and asymmetrically in T. secundus. Nectar is produced by a supraovarial disk and by the petal mesophyll. Floral lifespan lasts up to 20 days. The hummingbirds Eriocnemis vestita and Pterophanes cyanopterus are the likely pollinators of T. secundus. Morphological traits are inconclusive to support one of the two competing sister group relationships that involve Tristerix, as the lack of cataphylls in renewal shoots links Ligaria and Tristerix, whereas the terminal inflorescences support its relationship with Desmaria and Tupeia.Resumen. La diversificación floral en Loranthaceae alcanza su máxima expresión en los Andes. Las flores del género Tristerix, restringido exclusivamente a dicha cordillera, exhiben flores tubulares y de color llamativo que son polinizadas por colibríes. Se ha realizado un estudio de la morfoanatomía de inflorescencias y flores en las dos especies colombianas del género, T. longebracteatus y T. secundus, esta última muy amenazada. Las dos especies tienen racimos terminales hasta con 26 flores ebracteoladas, de las cuales la proximal se abre y forma el fruto antes que las demás. La iniciación del cáliz, levemente irregular, es seguida por la iniciación simultánea de los pétalos y la iniciación sucesiva de los estambres. La antesis es fenestrada, explosiva y se activa por la tensión del estilo contra la comisura de los dos pétalos abaxiales, un modo de antesis hasta ahora no descubierta en Loranthaceae. Los pétalos en antesis se expanden simétricamente en T. longebracteatus y asimétricamente en T. secundus. El néctar se produce en un disco supraovárico y el mesófilo de los pétalos. El periodo entre la antesis y la iniciación del fruto dura hasta 20 días. Las especies de colibrí Eriocnemis vestita y Pterophanes cyanopterus son los visitantes y probables polinizadores de T. secundus. Los rasgos morfológicos de Tristerix no aportan información concluyente para apoyar una de las dos hipótesis relacionadas con los posibles grupos hermanos del género, ya que la ausencia de catafilos en los brotes de renuevo asocian Ligaria y Tristerix, en tanto que las inflorescencias terminales apoyan una relación cercana a Desmaria y Tupeia. Title in Spanish: Caracteres de la inflorescencia y las flores de ...

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Section: Inflorescence Development and Structuresupporting

confidence: 51%

“…The terminology followed here is based on Suaza-Gaviria & al. (2016, 2017; the terms adaxial and abaxial are used in reference to the axis of the inflorescence.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflorescence and floral traits of the Colombian species of <em>Tristerix (Loranthaceae)</em> related to hummingbird pollination

González

Pabón‐Mora

2017

Anal. Jard. Bot. Madr.

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“…7, Suaza‐Gaviria et al. () allowed for a number of modifications of a dichasium such as loss of the terminal flower of the first order axis, loss of both lateral axes (and their flowers), and the loss of floral pedicels. In some cases, their scoring designated full inflorescences rather than partial ones, which contradicts Endress ().…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Arceuthobium and Korthalsella , when three sessile flowers are subtended by a bract, we do not equate this with a triad, mainly because the lateral flowers lack subtending prophylls. Viscum has very short, determinate, 1–3‐flowered inflorescences that have been variously interpreted: as triads (Danser, ; Barlow, , ; Sanjai and Balakrishnan, ; Suaza‐Gaviria et al., ) as well as dichasia or cymes (Polhill and Wiens, ; Kirkup et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inflorescence evolution in Santalales: integrating morphological characters and molecular phylogenetics

Nickrent

Anderson

Kuijt³

2019

American J of Botany

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PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The sandalwood order (Santalales) includes members that present a diverse array of inflorescence types, some of which are unique among angiosperms. This diversity presents not only interpretational challenges but also opportunities to test fundamental concepts in plant morphology. Here we used modern phylogenetic approaches to address the evolution of inflorescences in the sandalwood order. METHODS:Phylogenetic analyses of two nuclear and three chloroplast genes were conducted on representatives of 146 of the 163 genera in the order. A matrix was constructed that scored nine characters dealing with inflorescences. One character, "trios", that encompasses any grouping of three flowers (i.e., both dichasia and triads) was optimized on samples of the posterior distribution of trees from the Bayesian analysis using BayesTraits. Three nodes were examined: the most recent common ancestors of (A) all ingroup members, (B) Loranthaceae, and (C) Opiliaceae, Santalaceae s.l., and Viscaceae. KEY RESULTS:The phylogenetic analysis resulted in many fully resolved nodes across Santalales with strong support for 18 clades previously named as families. The trios character was not supported for nodes A and C, whereas it was supported for node B where this partial inflorescence type is best described as a triad. CONCLUSIONS: Essentially every major inflorescence type can be found in Santalales; however, the dichasium, a type of partial inflorescence, is rarely seen and is not plesiomorphic for the order. In the family Erythropalaceae, inflorescences are mostly in small, axillary fascicles or cymes. Successive families show both cymose and racemose types and compound systems (e.g., thyrses). Inflorescences in Amphorogynaceae and Viscaceae are not dichasial and in general are difficult to compare to "standard" inflorescences.

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Inflorescence structure in the Eriocaulaceae clade of Paepalanthus dimerous-flowered species and allied groups: tackling evolutionary and taxonomic questions

Trovó

Stützel

2019

Flora

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Comparative inflorescence development in selected Andean Santalales

Cited by 12 publications

References 58 publications

Inflorescence and floral traits of the Colombian species of <em>Tristerix (Loranthaceae)</em> related to hummingbird pollination

Inflorescence and floral traits of the Colombian species of <em>Tristerix (Loranthaceae)</em> related to hummingbird pollination

Inflorescence evolution in Santalales: integrating morphological characters and molecular phylogenetics

Inflorescence structure in the Eriocaulaceae clade of Paepalanthus dimerous-flowered species and allied groups: tackling evolutionary and taxonomic questions

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