Comparative Incidence of Pyogenic and Amoebic Liver Abscesses in Trauma and Emergency Patients at Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna: A One-Year Observational Study

Abstract

Background: Liver abscesses, particularly pyogenic and amoebic types, pose a significant healthcare challenge, especially in developing countries. Accurate differentiation and effective treatment of these abscess types are crucial in emergency medical settings. This study aims to analyze the incidence, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes of pyogenic and amoebic liver abscesses in a trauma and emergency department setting.Methods: Conducted at the Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna, this one-year observational study involved 100 patients diagnosed with liver abscesses. The study employed a comprehensive approach, examining incidence rates, demographic trends, clinical presentations, treatment modalities, and outcomes, including recurrence rates.Results: The study observed a higher incidence of pyogenic liver abscesses, accounting for 60% of cases (n=60), compared to amoebic liver abscesses, which constituted 40% (n=40). In terms of demographics, pyogenic liver abscesses were more prevalent among older males, with the average age being 48 years, and 70% (n=42) of the patients were male. In contrast, amoebic liver abscess patients had an average age of 42 years, with 60% (n=24) being male. Key clinical findings revealed that pyogenic liver abscess cases (n=60) had higher white blood cell counts and elevated liver enzyme levels than those with amoebic liver abscesses (n=40). The treatment outcomes indicated high success rates for both types of liver abscesses. Pyogenic liver abscesses had a success rate of 90% (n=54), while amoebic liver abscesses showed a slightly higher success rate at 95% (n=38). However, there was a notable difference in recurrence rates: pyogenic liver abscesses had a recurrence rate of 8.3% (n=5), whereas amoebic liver abscesses had a lower recurrence rate of 2.5% (n=1). The logistic regression analysis conducted to identify potential predictors of treatment success did not reveal any statistically significant factors across both types of liver abscesses. Conclusion:The study highlights a higher incidence of pyogenic liver abscesses in an urban Indian healthcare setting and the complexity of predicting treatment outcomes based on demographic and clinical factors. The findings emphasize the need for nuanced clinical approaches and vigilant post-treatment monitoring, especially for pyogenic liver abscesses. They also underscore the importance of further research to explore additional variables influencing liver abscess treatment outcomes.