Comparative in vitro metabolism of the ‘designer’ steroid estra-4,9-diene-3,17-dione between the equine, canine and human: Identification of target metabolites for use in sports doping control

Scarth, James; Clarke, Adam; Teale, P.; Pearce, Clive M.

doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2010.03.010

Cited by 36 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Q2 17 There are numerous reasons for the loss of muscle mass, which 18 may justify the usage of the term 'muscle wasting syndrome'. 19 Disease-associated muscle wasting (cachexia) develops as a conse- 20 quence of several common diseases, such as cancer, AIDS, heart 21 failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and renal 22 failure. Patients suffering from these diseases and developing 23 cachexia have to face increased incidence of morbidity and mortality 24 [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined effects of androgen anabolic steroids and physical activity on the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis

Hengevoß

Marion

Müller

et al. 2015

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2A and Table 1 Table 3. Urine samples were analysed to detect 265 abused anabolic steroids ( vivo metabolism [20,21]. But information about its biological mode 306 of action is still missing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined effects of androgen anabolic steroids and physical activity on the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis

Hengevoß

Marion

Müller

et al. 2015

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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“…However, their usefulness for the open detection of AAS has been successfully applied in illegal cocktails [65] and nutritional supplements [66]. Addition ally, full acquisition methods using HR instru ments have also been successfully applied for metabolic studies [67,68] and for the evaluation of the composition of prohormones/nutritional supplements [69].…”

Section: Neutral Loss Scan Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status and Bioanalytical Challenges in The Detection of Unknown Anabolic Androgenic Steroids in Doping Control Analysis

et al. 2013

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Androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) are prohibited in sports due to their anabolic effects. Doping control laboratories usually face the screening of AAS misuse by target methods based on MS detection. Although these methods allow for the sensitive and specific detection of targeted compounds and metabolites, the rest remain undetectable. This fact opens a door for cheaters, since different AAS can be synthesized in order to evade doping control tests. This situation was evidenced in 2003 with the discovery of the designer steroid tetrahydrogestrinone. One decade after this discovery, the detection of unknown AAS still remains one of the main analytical challenges in the doping control field. In this manuscript, the current situation in the detection of unknown AAS is reviewed. Although important steps have been made in order to minimize this analytical problem and different analytical strategies have been proposed, there are still some drawbacks related to each approach.

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“…A summary of the metabolism of these compounds in equine systems in presented below (Table ). The designer steroids desoxyvinyltestosterone (17α‐pregna‐2,20‐dien‐17β‐ol), and Trena (estra‐4,9‐diene‐3,17‐dione) have been studied in equine systems as reviewed by Scarth et al, and are included only briefly in this work.…”

Section: Equine Metabolism Of Designer Steroidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of designer anabolic steroids in equine sports

Waller

McLeod

2016

Drug Testing and Analysis

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In recent years, the potential for anabolic steroid abuse in equine sports has increased due to the growing availability of designer steroids. These compounds are readily accessible online in 'dietary' or 'nutritional' supplements and contain steroidal compounds which have never been tested or approved as veterinary agents. They typically have unusual structures or substitution and as a result may pass undetected through current anti-doping screening protocols, making them a significant concern for the integrity of the industry. Despite considerable focus in human sports, until recently there has been limited investigation into these compounds in equine systems. To effectively respond to the threat of designer steroids, a detailed understanding of their metabolism is needed to identify markers and metabolites arising from their misuse. A summary of the literature detailing the metabolism of these compounds in equine systems is presented with an aim to identify metabolites suitable for incorporation into screening protocols by anti-doping laboratories. The future of equine anti-doping research is likely to be guided by the incorporation of alternate testing matrices into routine screening, the improvement of in vitro technologies that can mimic in vivo equine metabolism, and the improvement of instrumentation or analytical methods that allow for the development of untargeted screening, and metabolomics approaches for use in anti-doping screening protocols.

show abstract

Comparative in vitro metabolism of the ‘designer’ steroid estra-4,9-diene-3,17-dione between the equine, canine and human: Identification of target metabolites for use in sports doping control

Cited by 36 publications

References 34 publications

Combined effects of androgen anabolic steroids and physical activity on the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis

Combined effects of androgen anabolic steroids and physical activity on the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis

Current Status and Bioanalytical Challenges in The Detection of Unknown Anabolic Androgenic Steroids in Doping Control Analysis

A review of designer anabolic steroids in equine sports

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