Comparative impairing effects of selected arthropod venoms on the main body metabolites of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

The activity of Bacillus thuringiensis Vectobac G on the biochemical compositions of Culex pipiens and Culiseta longiareolata (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito larvae

“…These findings are in accordance with previous studies reporting a significant decrease in the levels of the carbohydrates in essential oil Ruta graveolens (LC 50 and LC 90 ) treated Cx. pipiens larvae (Dris and Bouabida, 2020), this decrease was also observed in the 3rd instar larvae of G. mellonella after treatment with certain arthropod venoms (Tanani et al, 2021). The larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus treated with the ethanolic extract of Catharanthus roseus revealed a significant decrease in glycogen and carbohydrate contents compared to the control (Shoba, 2018).…”

“…The reduction of protein is thereby explained by the protein degradation in metabolic ways or by the impaired incorporation of amino acids into polypeptide chains or inhibition of protein synthesis. In this opinion, Tanani et al, (2021) reported that the reduction of protein content in larvae and pupae of Galleria mellonella after larval treatment with the tested arthropod venoms, can be interpreted in the light of some conceivable suggestions: "(1) the proteins might be due to their binding with the tested arthropod venoms and therefore might reflect the depressed activity of the detoxifying enzymes. (2) that the protein plays a major role in synthesis of the microsomal detoxifying enzymes against toxicants (foreign compounds) entering into the insect body (Hassan, 2002).…”

“…Furthermore, the decrease in these proteins has been reported in some previous studies, including those investigating the effect of Novaluron (IGD) on Cs. longiarealata (Bouaziz et al, 2011), and the effect of The tested Leiurus quinquestriatus venom, Vespa orientalis venom or Apitoxin of Apis mellifera which might either act on the hormonal regulation (disruptive) of the protein synthesis, degradation and inhibition or act on the neurosecretory cells which control endocrine organs ( Djeghader et al, 2014 ;Tanani et al, 2021).…”

“…On the other hand, all the venoms of Leiurus quinquestriatus, Vespa orientalis and Apis mellifera exhibited prevalent enhancing effects on larvae to gain more lipids than control larvae of both 5 th and 7 th instars of galleria mellonella. In fact, the increase of lipid content during treatment may be due to the high accumulation of carbohydrates, which could be metabolized into lipids to be stocked in the form of reserves (Tanani et al, 2021).…”

“…Also, it is suggested that this carbohydrate depletion might be due to stresses of the tested arthropod venoms on proteins to be degraded into amino acids to take part in the TCA cycle of acetic acid. Subsequently, the carbohydrate metabolic functions to make up for the lower energy were altered under the stress of present toxic materials in the body of galleria mellonella (Tanani et al, 2021).…”