Comparative immune study on cutaneous leishmaniasis patients with single and multiple sores

Abstract

Ninety-five Iraqi patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania tropica at AL-Karama Hospital in Baghdad were included in this study. Sixty patients were with single sore and the remaining with multiple sores. The study also included 10 atopic patients and 30 healthy individuals as a control group. Cellular and humoral immune response at different stages of the disease activity (early and late) were evaluated by estimation of serum IFNc, IL-4 and total IgE antibodies using ELISA kits while, the detection of specific anti leishmanial IgE antibodies was done manually. Specific IgE antibodies were only detected in early CL (\2 months) patients 68 (71.57 %) while, were not detected in late CL, atopic and healthy controls 30 (100 %). The results also showed a positive relationship between this antibody and the number of sores. Th-2 predominates during the early stage of the disease then shifts to Th-1 that proceed in the late stage, but both cytokines increased in CL patients in comparison to control group. The immune response of CL infection is possibly regulated by both Th-1 and Th-2. Multiple sores patients showed an increase of anti leishmanial IgE (0.120 ± 0.014), total IgE (120.7 ± 39.58 IU/ml), IFN-c (87.4 ± 30.52 pg/ml) and IL-4 (63.70 ± 20.32 pg/ml) levels than single sore patients with mean value of 0.108 ± 0.14, 92.3 ± 35.23 IU/ml, 47.2 ± 27.80 pg/ml and 51.04 ± 15.0 pg/ml respectively. It can be presented also as ratio of INF-c/IL-4 = 1.37 which is greater than those for single sore 0.9. These results indicated that the immune response of multiple sores patient's is higher than that with single sores.

Detection of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Based on ITS1 Gene by PCR-RFLP Technique

“…Otherwise, the results of the present work appeared to disagree with the other previous Iraqi studies by (Rahi et al, 2014) and (Al-Qadhi et al, 2013). These results may be attributed to the fact that males are more exposed to the insect biting more than females due to working outdoors and also due to men are less covering than women then exposed (Al-Samarai et al, 2016).…”

Evaluation of the immune response to silver nanoparticles against cutaneous leishmaniasis in albino mice Balbs/c

“…Respectively, when compared with the negative control group (second), which reached (2.38 ± 68.3 mg/dl), (8.63± 42.01 ng/dl), respectively, as many researchers indicated in the course of their study on the effect of leishmaniasis infection on the humoral immune response. These results are consistent with the results of the study that showed that the levels of immunoglobulins in the blood serum (IgG and IgM) were elevated in patients suffering from both types (L. Major, L. Tropic )of cutaneous leishmaniasis (Al-Qadhi et al,2015). Also showed at Soong (2019) and Kima and Boussoffara et al (2013) an increase in INF-γ concentration in leishmaniasis.…”

Validation of an In-House ELISA Method in the Diagnosis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania donovani in Hambantota District, Sri Lanka

“…Seropositivity rates and antibody titers were higher among people with multiple lesions (100.0%) compared to those with single lesions (90.2%; p < 0.05). A similar finding was observed among patients with multiple CL lesions caused by L. tropica (Wright, 1903) [ 37 , 38 ], and anti- Leishmania IgG2 was shown to be directly correlated to the number of lesions in patients with diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. braziliensis (Vianna, 1911) [ 39 , 40 ]. Multiple lesions could be due to multiple inoculating bites by the vector.…”