Comparative Genomics of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates from Ruminant Listeriosis Cases in the Midwest United States

Cardenas-Alvarez, Maria X; Zeng, Hui; Webb, Brett T.; Mani, Rinosh; Muñoz, Marina; Bergholz, Teresa M.

doi:10.1128/spectrum.01579-22

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 56 publications

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“…L. monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular bacterium that can cause severe foodborne infection in humans and invasive diseases in animals, including farm ruminants [75]. In addition to asymptomatic carriage of the microbe, just like human listeriosis, small ruminants can also develop the disease and develop clinical symptoms including neurological and fetal infections [76]. L. monocytogenes is widely recognized as a possible microbial contaminant of raw small ruminant milk; however, there is a paucity of data on the presence, risk factors and contamination dynamics and public health data in small ruminant farms [77].…”

Section: Listeria Monocytogenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Effects of Plant-Based Supplements on Gut Microbial Diversity in Small Ruminants

Daniel,

Njue,

Sanad

2023

Pathogens

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Every year in the United States, approximately 48 million people are affected by bacterial illnesses that are transmitted through food, leading to 3000 fatalities. These illnesses typically stem from food animals and their by-products, which may harbor dangerous pathogens like Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Campylobacter jejuni. Factors that contribute to contamination include manure used as a soil amendment, exposure to polluted irrigation water, and contact with animals. To improve food safety, researchers are studying pre-slaughter intervention methods to eliminate bacterial contamination in live animals. While small ruminants are vital to global agriculture and income generation for small farms, traditional feeding practices involve supplements and antibiotics to boost performance, which contributes to antibiotic resistance. Hence, researchers are looking for friendly bacterial strains that enhance both animal and human health without impacting livestock productivity. The global trend is to minimize the use of antibiotics as feed supplements, with many countries prohibiting or limiting their use. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive insight on the antioxidant capabilities, therapeutic attributes, and applications of bioactive compounds derived from sweet potato tops (SPTs), rice bran (RB) and radish tops (RTs). This overview provides an insight on plant parts that are abundant in antioxidant and prebiotic effects and could be used as value-added products in animal feed and pharmaceutical applications. This review was based on previous findings that supplementation of basal diets with natural supplements represents a multifaceted intervention that will become highly important over time. By remarkably reducing the burden of foodborne pathogens, they apply to multiple species, are cheap, do not require withdrawal periods, and can be applied at any time in food animal production.

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Section: Listeria Monocytogenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Effects of Plant-Based Supplements on Gut Microbial Diversity in Small Ruminants

Daniel,

Njue,

Sanad

2023

Pathogens

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Genomic and pathogenicity islands of Listeria monocytogenes—overview of selected aspects

Wiktorczyk-Kapischke

Skowron

Wałecka-Zacharska

2023

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Listeria monocytogenes causes listeriosis, a disease characterized by a high mortality rate (up to 30%). Since the pathogen is highly tolerant to changing conditions (high and low temperature, wide pH range, low availability of nutrients), it is widespread in the environment, e.g., water, soil, or food. L. monocytogenes possess a number of genes that determine its high virulence potential, i.e., genes involved in the intracellular cycle (e.g., prfA, hly, plcA, plcB, inlA, inlB), response to stress conditions (e.g., sigB, gadA, caspD, clpB, lmo1138), biofilm formation (e.g., agr, luxS), or resistance to disinfectants (e.g., emrELm, bcrABC, mdrL). Some genes are organized into genomic and pathogenicity islands. The islands LIPI-1 and LIPI-3 contain genes related to the infectious life cycle and survival in the food processing environment, while LGI-1 and LGI-2 potentially ensure survival and durability in the production environment. Researchers constantly have been searching for new genes determining the virulence of L. monocytogenes. Understanding the virulence potential of L. monocytogenes is an important element of public health protection, as highly pathogenic strains may be associated with outbreaks and the severity of listeriosis. This review summarizes the selected aspects of L. monocytogenes genomic and pathogenicity islands, and the importance of whole genome sequencing for epidemiological purposes.

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Genome-Wide Association Study of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates Causing Three Different Clinical Outcomes

2022

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Heterogeneity in virulence potential of L. monocytogenes subgroups have been associated with genetic elements that could provide advantages in certain environments to invade, multiply, and survive within a host. The presence of gene mutations has been found to be related to attenuated phenotypes, while the presence of groups of genes, such as pathogenicity islands (PI), has been associated with hypervirulent or stress-resistant clones. We evaluated 232 whole genome sequences from invasive listeriosis cases in human and ruminants from the US and Europe to identify genomic elements associated with strains causing three clinical outcomes: central nervous system (CNS) infections, maternal-neonatal (MN) infections, and systemic infections (SI). Phylogenetic relationships and virulence-associated genes were evaluated, and a gene-based and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based genome-wide association study (GWAS) were conducted in order to identify loci associated with the different clinical outcomes. The orthologous results indicated that genes of phage phiX174, transfer RNAs, and type I restriction-modification (RM) system genes along with SNPs in loci involved in environmental adaptation such as rpoB and a phosphotransferase system (PTS) were associated with one or more clinical outcomes. Detection of phenotype-specific candidate loci represents an approach that could narrow the group of genetic elements to be evaluated in future studies.

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Comparative Genomics of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates from Ruminant Listeriosis Cases in the Midwest United States

Abstract: Listeria monocytogenes affects humans and animals, causing encephalitis, septicemia, and abortions, among other clinical outcomes. Ruminants such as cattle, goats, and sheep are the main carriers contributing to the maintenance and dispersal of this pathogen in the farm environment.

Cited by 3 publications

References 56 publications

Antimicrobial Effects of Plant-Based Supplements on Gut Microbial Diversity in Small Ruminants

Antimicrobial Effects of Plant-Based Supplements on Gut Microbial Diversity in Small Ruminants

Genomic and pathogenicity islands of Listeria monocytogenes—overview of selected aspects

Genome-Wide Association Study of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates Causing Three Different Clinical Outcomes

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