Comparative genomics of four Mycoplasma species of the human urogenital tract: Analysis of their core genomes and virulence genes

Roachford, Orville St. E.; Nelson, Karen E.; Mohapatra, Bidyut R.

doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2017.09.006

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…However, overall, all the seven Komagataeibacter species seem to have more similar genome contents by sharing a greater portion of core genes than other notable groups of bacterial strains or species; 1,719 core genes make up 21.9% among a nonredundant set of all the genes found in these seven Komagataeibacter species (Figure c), in contrast with core genes of, for example, 11% for 20 E. coli strains (Touchon et al, ), 8% for four Mycoplasma species (Roachford, Nelson, & Mohapatra, ) and 3% for 14 Bifidobacterium species (Bottacini et al, ). In particular, genes responsible for the CNF biosynthesis all belonged to this core gene set: pgm (phosphoglucomutase), galU (UTP‐glucose‐1‐phosphate uridylyltransferase), bcs operon, cdg operon, and standalone DGC gene (Figure b,c).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Genomic and metabolic analysis of Komagataeibacter xylinus DSM 2325 producing bacterial cellulose nanofiber

Jang

Kim

et al. 2019

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Bacterial cellulose nanofiber (CNF) is a polymer with a wide range of potential industrial applications. Several Komagataeibacter species, including Komagataeibacter xylinus as a model organism, produce CNF. However, the industrial application of CNF has been hampered by inefficient CNF production, necessitating metabolic engineering for the enhanced CNF production. Here, we present complete genome sequence and a genome-scale metabolic model KxyMBEL1810 of K. xylinus DSM 2325 for metabolic engineering applications. Genome analysis of this bacterium revealed that a set of genes associated with CNF biosynthesis and regulation were present in this bacterium, which were also conserved in another six representative Komagataeibacter species having complete genome information. To better understand the metabolic characteristics of K. xylinus DSM 2325, KxyMBEL1810 was reconstructed using genome annotation data, relevant computational resources and experimental growth data generated in this study. Random sampling and correlation analysis of the KxyMBEL1810 predicted pgi and gnd genes as novel overexpression targets for the enhanced CNF production. Among engineered K. xylinus strains individually overexpressing heterologous pgi and gnd genes, either from Escherichia coli or Corynebacterium glutamicum, batch fermentation of a strain overexpressing the E. coli pgi gene produced 3.15 g/L of CNF in a complex medium containing glucose, which was the best CNF concentration achieved in this study, and 115.8% higher than that (1.46 g/L) obtained from the control strain. Genome sequence data and KxyMBEL1810 generated in this study should be useful resources for metabolic engineering of K. xylinus for the enhanced CNF production. K E Y W O R D S bacterial cellulose nanofiber (CNF), genome sequence, genome-scale metabolic model, Komagataeibacter xylinus DSM 2325, metabolic engineering

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Genomic and metabolic analysis of Komagataeibacter xylinus DSM 2325 producing bacterial cellulose nanofiber

Jang

Kim

et al. 2019

Biotech & Bioengineering

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“…Sneathia spp., BVAB1, BVAB2, and likely others), and such omissions can have dramatic effects in skewing abundance profiles and misclassifying samples to CSTs, especially in samples where such bacterial taxa may be dominant. In this regard, whole‐genome sequencing and comparative genomics of vaginal bacterial isolates could advance the accurate assessment of the vaginal microbial community structure and function, as has been undertaken for select vaginal isolates . One of the greatest strengths of SMS is the gene‐ and function‐level information it provides on the microbiome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genital tract and rectal microbiomes: their role in HIV susceptibility and prevention in women

et al. 2019

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Introduction Young women in sub‐Saharan Africa are disproportionately affected by HIV, accounting for 25% of all new infections in 2017. Several behavioural and biological factors are known to impact a young woman's vulnerability for acquiring HIV. One key, but lesser understood, biological factor impacting vulnerability is the vaginal microbiome. This review describes the vaginal microbiome and examines its alterations, its influence on HIV acquisition as well as the efficacy of HIV prevention technologies, the role of the rectal microbiome in HIV acquisition, advances in technologies to study the microbiome and some future research directions. Discussion Although the composition of each woman's vaginal microbiome is unique, a microbiome dominated by Lactobacillus species is generally associated with a “healthy” vagina. Disturbances in the vaginal microbiota, characterized by a shift from a low‐diversity, Lactobacillus ‐dominant state to a high‐diversity non‐ Lactobacillus ‐dominant state, have been shown to be associated with a range of adverse reproductive health outcomes, including increasing the risk of genital inflammation and HIV acquisition. Gardnerella vaginalis and Prevotella bivia have been shown to contribute to both HIV risk and genital inflammation. In addition to impacting HIV risk, the composition of the vaginal microbiome affects the vaginal concentrations of some antiretroviral drugs, particularly those administered intravaginally, and thereby their efficacy as pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention. Although the role of rectal microbiota in HIV acquisition in women is less well understood, the composition of this compartment's microbiome, particularly the presence of species of bacteria from the Prevotellaceae family likely contribute to HIV acquisition. Advances in technologies have facilitated the study of the genital microbiome's structure and function. While next‐generation sequencing advanced knowledge of the diversity and complexity of the vaginal microbiome, the emerging field of metaproteomics, which provides important information on vaginal bacterial community structure, diversity and function, is further shedding light on functionality of the vaginal microbiome and its relationship with bacterial vaginosis (BV), as well as antiretroviral PrEP efficacy. Conclusions A better understanding of the composition, structure and function of the microbiome is needed to identify opportunities to alter the vaginal microbiome and prevent BV and reduce the risk of HIV acquisition.

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“…13 The possible involvement of Mycoplasma fermentans, a Gram-negative commensal in human genital tract Figure 1 The first type of Lipsch€ utz genital ulcer (Abb. 1., Lip-sch€ utz B, 1927), the gangrenous form in his words, displayed limited numbers of isolated, well-defined, large deep-penetrating ulcers of overnight acute onset, mostly on the inner surface of labia minora, covered with adhering thick dirty grey-yellow to blue-black eschars, accompanied by striking burning painfulness, significant perilesional oedema and redness, regional lymphadenopathy, systemic fever and chills, which rapidly enlarged within the next 48 h. 3 of controversial pathogenic significance, 14 in Lipsch€ utz genital ulcer has been suspected. 15 The causal role of these bacteria in the pathogenesis of Lipsch€ utz genital ulcer is not confirmed.…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are considered as normal microbiota in the cervicovaginal econiche . The possible involvement of Mycoplasma fermentans , a Gram‐negative commensal in human genital tract of controversial pathogenic significance, in Lipschütz genital ulcer has been suspected . The causal role of these bacteria in the pathogenesis of Lipschütz genital ulcer is not confirmed.…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipschütz genital ulcer revisited: is juvenile gangrenous vasculitis of the scrotum the male counterpart?

Chen

Plewig

2019

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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Since its first description as ulcus vulvae acutum by Benjamin Lipschütz in 1912, the etiopathogenesis of this peculiar genital ulcer remains incompletely understood. In his original description, two different types of genital ulcers were observed and proposed, which were not precisely defined and distinguished in most subsequent reports. The first type is characterized by acute excruciating genital ulcers of first‐time onset with self‐limited non‐recurrent course in association with gravely symptomatic systemic infections, in which a primary Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection is later identified to be probably the most common aetiology. The second type of ulcer usually refers to little painful ulcers of unknown etiopathogenesis in the absence of fever or chills and with a slow torpid progression and recurrent nature. Differentiation from idiopathic aphthous ulcers is unclear. The changes of the cervicovaginal microbiota and microbiome in diseased state deserve further clarification. Acute genital ulcers associated with primary EBV infection in women have drawn attention since 1970s, while the corresponding penile ulcers in men were already known in 1950s. First presented in 1973, juvenile gangrenous vasculitis of the scrotum with an acute painful scrotal ulcer preceded by symptomatic pharyngeal infections can be considered as the male counterpart of ulcus vulvae acutum, and the future clinical survey should include primary EBV infection.

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Comparative genomics of four Mycoplasma species of the human urogenital tract: Analysis of their core genomes and virulence genes

Cited by 9 publications

References 71 publications

Genomic and metabolic analysis of Komagataeibacter xylinus DSM 2325 producing bacterial cellulose nanofiber

Genomic and metabolic analysis of Komagataeibacter xylinus DSM 2325 producing bacterial cellulose nanofiber

The genital tract and rectal microbiomes: their role in HIV susceptibility and prevention in women

Lipschütz genital ulcer revisited: is juvenile gangrenous vasculitis of the scrotum the male counterpart?

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