Comparative Genomic Analysis Provides Insights into the Phylogeny, Resistome, Virulome, and Host Adaptation in the Genus Ewingella

Abstract

Ewingella americana is a cosmopolitan bacterial pathogen that has been isolated from many hosts. Here, we sequenced a high-quality genome of E. americana B6-1 isolated from Flammulina filiformis, an important cultivated mushroom, performed a comparative genomic analysis with four other E. americana strains from various origins, and tested the susceptibility of B6-1 to antibiotics. The genome size, predicted genes, and GC (guanine-cytosine) content of B6-1 was 4.67 Mb, 4301, and 53.80%, respectively. The origin of the strains did not significantly affect the phylogeny, but mobile genetic elements shaped the evolution of the genus Ewingella. The strains encoded a set of common genes for type secretion, virulence effectors, CAZymes, and toxins required for pathogenicity in all hosts. They also had antibiotic resistance, pigments to suppress or evade host defense responses, as well as genes for adaptation to different environmental conditions, including temperature, oxidation, and nutrients. These findings provide a better understanding of the virulence, antibiotic resistance, and host adaptation strategies of Ewingella, and they also contribute to the development of effective control strategies.

The First Known Documented Case of Ewingella Americana Urinary Tract Infection

“…Our case is notable not only for the unique organism but for its incredibly multidrug-resistant nature (Table 4). Also, based on the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, they concluded that E. americana is resistant to many antibiotics (Table 5) [9]. It was found that E. americana contains about 67 putative virulence genes [9].…”

“…Also, based on the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, they concluded that E. americana is resistant to many antibiotics (Table 5) [9]. It was found that E. americana contains about 67 putative virulence genes [9]. The virulence features include the secretion system, adherence, invasion, chemotaxis, motility, immune evasion, and pore-forming toxins [9].…”

“…It was found that E. americana contains about 67 putative virulence genes [9]. The virulence features include the secretion system, adherence, invasion, chemotaxis, motility, immune evasion, and pore-forming toxins [9]. These features can be the reason for the multidrug-resistant nature of E. americana.…”

“…Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) demonstrating low colony counts (Tables 3, 4). testing was done using E. coli as a control to detect antibiotic resistance in Ewingella (Table 5) [9]. The penile culture was positive for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Klebsiella Pneumonia and E. faecalis (Tables 5, 6).…”

The Chemical Structure of Widespread Microbial Aryl Polyene Lipids

“…1a and S1) originating from essentially any environments like soil, plants, higher eukaryotes including mammals, or the marine environment. [4,5,[13][14][15] In general, ape BGCs consist of genes encoding unusual type II polyketide synthases (PKSs), enzymes involved in lipid biosynthesis, and membrane proteins for localization ( Fig. 1b).…”