Comparative genomic analysis of C-type lectin-domain genes in seven holometabolous insect species

Lu, Yuzhen; Su, Fanghua; Zhu, Kesen; Zhu, Mengyao; Li, Qilin; Hu, Qingmin; Zhang, Jie; Zhang, Ruonan; Yu, Xiao‐Qiang

doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103451

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Unlike vertebrates, insects do not have an adaptive immune system and must rely on their innate immune system to protect them [31,32]. A critical initial function of the innate immune system is identifying pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is performed by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which are germline-encoded proteins designed to recognize pathogenassociated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on the surface of pathogens. Examples of PRRs include peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs), Gram-negative binding proteins (GNBPs), and C-type lectins (CTLs) [31,32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CTLs are a family of proteins that contain carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs). CRDs are typically composed of 110-130 amino acid residues, form a canonical fold containing α-helices, β-sheets, and loops, which are stabilized by two or three pairs of disulfide bonds [31]. CTLs can be divided into three subfamilies based on the number of CRDs they contain [31][32][33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CRDs are typically composed of 110-130 amino acid residues, form a canonical fold containing α-helices, β-sheets, and loops, which are stabilized by two or three pairs of disulfide bonds [31]. CTLs can be divided into three subfamilies based on the number of CRDs they contain [31][32][33]. Most insects have CTLs with only one CRD, categorized as CTL-S. CTLs with two CRDs are part of the immulectin family (IML), and those with other functional domains in addition to their CRD are part of the CTL-X family.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The functions of insect CTLs in innate immunity include encapsulation, phagocytosis, opsonization, nodule formation, agglutination, melanisation, and prophenoloxidase to combat viral, nematode, and fungal infection [31][32][33][34]36]. For example, the CTL IML-10 in the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is secreted by the fat body into the larval plasma to encapsulate foreign objects [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proteomic Analyses Detect Higher Expression of C-Type Lectins in Imidacloprid-Resistant Colorado Potato Beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say

Scott

Hatten

Tuncer

et al. 2020

Insects

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The Colorado potato beetle (CPB) is one of the most adaptable insect pests to both plant toxins and synthetic insecticides. Resistance in CPB is reported for over 50 classes of insecticides, and mechanisms of insecticide-resistance include enhanced detoxification enzymes, ABC transporters and target site mutations. Adaptation to insecticides is also associated with changes in behaviour, energy metabolism and other physiological processes seemingly unrelated to resistance but partially explained through genomic analyses. In the present study, in place of genomics, we applied 2-dimensional (2-D) gel and mass spectrometry to investigate protein differences in abdominal and midgut tissue of insecticide-susceptible (S) and -resistant (R) CPB. The proteomic analyses measured constitutive differences in several proteins, but the highest match was identified as a C-type lectin (CTL), a component of innate immunity in insects. The constitutive expression of the CTL was greater in the multi-resistant (LI) strain, and the same spot was measured in both midgut and abdominal tissue. Exposure to the neonicotinoid insecticide, imidacloprid, increased the CTL spot found in the midgut but not in the abdominal tissue of the laboratory (Lab) strain. No increase in protein levels in the midgut tissue was observed in the LI or a field strain (NB) tolerant to neonicotinoids. With the exception of biopesticides, such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), no previous studies have documented differences in the immune response by CTLs in insects exposed to synthetic insecticides or the fitness costs associated with expression levels of immune-related genes in insecticide-resistant strains. This study demonstrates again how CPB has been successful at adapting to insecticides, plant defenses as well as pathogens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%