Comparative genetics of a highly divergent DRB microsatellite in different macaque species

Groot, Nanine de; Doxiadis, Gaby G. M.; Vos-Rouweler, Annemiek J. M. de; Groot, Natasja G. de; Verschoor, Ernst J.; Bontrop, Ronald E.

doi:10.1007/s00251-008-0333-z

Cited by 27 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…This is in contrast to the data that were observed for the MHC class II sequences obtained from these species (Otting et al 2002; Doxiadis et al 2006; O’Connor et al 2007; de Groot et al 2008). Moreover, the interspecies sharing of MHC class I alleles in rhesus and cynomolgus macaques is in the same order of magnitude as the intraspecies sharing (Otting et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

Definition of Mafa-A and -B haplotypes in pedigreed cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

2009

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The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I B gene/allelic repertoire was investigated in a pedigreed population of cynomolgus macaques of mixed Indonesian/Malaysian origin. The Mafa-B alleles detected in this cohort are mostly specific for a given geographic area, and only a small number of alleles appears to be shared with other populations. This suggests the fast evolution of Mafa-B alleles due to adaptation to new environments. In contrast to humans, the B locus in Old World monkeys displays extensive copy number variation. The Mafa-B and previously defined -A gene combinations segregate in families and thus allowed the definition of extended haplotypes. In many cases it was possible to assign a particular Mafa-I allele to one of these Mafa-A/B haplotypes as well. The presence of a large number of stable haplotypes in this cohort of animals, which was pedigreed for up to eight generations, looks promising for developing discriminative MHC typing tools that are less cumbersome. Furthermore, the discovery of 53 unreported Mafa-B sequences expands the lexicon of alleles significantly, and may help in understanding the complex organisation of the macaque B region.

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Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

Definition of Mafa-A and -B haplotypes in pedigreed cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

2009

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“…Microsatellite typing with D6S2878, which is situated in intron 2 of nearly all DRB genes and possesses STR-length patterns that are haplotype specific, has recently been proven to be an ideal tool for DRB typing in various species (de Groot et al 2008a; de Groot et al 2009; Doxiadis et al 2007a; Doxiadis et al 2009a; Otting et al 2012). Thus, microsatellite typing with this STR has been performed and has resulted in the definition of 22 DRB haplotypes in Indian rhesus macaques (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Mamu - B region can be defined by four different STRs, MIB6, MIB7, MICA and D6S2793, which are situated in the B region of macaques (Bonhomme et al 2008; Doxiadis et al 2009b). The most straightforward genotyping can be performed with microsatellite D6S2878, named DRB-STR, which is localised within intron 2 of virtually all DRB genes and, thus, serves as an excellent tool for haplotyping both macaque and other primate species (de Groot et al 2008a; de Groot et al 2009; Doxiadis et al 2007a; Doxiadis et al 2009a; Otting et al 2012). A combination of all molecular techniques mentioned above has been implemented to screen the Indian and Burmese rhesus macaques and to define their MHC haplotypes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haplotype diversity generated by ancient recombination-like events in the MHC of Indian rhesus macaques

et al. 2013

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The Mamu-A, Mamu-B, and Mamu-DRB genes of the rhesus macaque show several levels of complexity such as allelic heterogeneity (polymorphism), copy number variation, differential segregation of genes/alleles present on a haplotype (diversity) and transcription level differences. A combination of techniques was implemented to screen a large panel of pedigreed Indian rhesus macaques (1,384 individuals representing the offspring of 137 founding animals) for haplotype diversity in an efficient and inexpensive manner. This approach allowed the definition of 140 haplotypes that display a relatively low degree of region variation as reflected by the presence of only 17 A, 18 B and 22 DRB types, respectively, exhibiting a global linkage disequilibrium comparable to that in humans. This finding contrasts with the situation observed in rhesus macaques from other geographic origins and in cynomolgus monkeys from Indonesia. In these latter populations, nearly every haplotype appears to be characterised by a unique A, B and DRB region. In the Indian population, however, a reshuffling of existing segments generated “new” haplotypes. Since the recombination frequency within the core MHC of the Indian rhesus macaques is relatively low, the various haplotypes were most probably produced by recombination events that accumulated over a long evolutionary time span. This idea is in accord with the notion that Indian rhesus macaques experienced a severe reduction in population during the Pleistocene due to a bottleneck caused by geographic changes. Thus, recombination-like processes appear to be a way to expand a diminished genetic repertoire in an isolated and relatively small founder population.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00251-013-0707-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The animals originated from mainland Indochina and the Indonesian islands as proven by mtDNA analysis (de Groot et al 2008). Two animals with Indonesian mtDNA profile were imported from Mauritius.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

DR haplotype diversity of the cynomolgus macaque as defined by its transcriptome

et al. 2011

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The DR region of particular primate species may display allelic polymorphism and gene copy number variation (region configuration polymorphism). The sum of these distinct types of polymorphism is defined as complexity. To date, however, the DR region of cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) has been poorly defined. Transcriptome analysis of a pedigreed colony, comprising animals from Indonesia and Indochina, revealed a total of 15 Mafa-DRA and 57 DRB alleles, specifying 28 different region configurations. The DRA alleles can be divided into two distinct lineages. One lineage is polymorphic, but the majority of the amino acid replacements map to the leader peptide. The second lineage is at best oligomorphic, and segregates with one specific Mafa-DRB allele. The number of Mafa-DRB genes ranges from two to five per haplotype. Due to the presence of pseudogenes, however, each haplotype encodes only one to three bona fide DRB transcripts. Depending on the region configuration in which the Mafa-DRB gene is embedded, identical alleles may display differential transcription levels. Region configurations appear to have been generated by recombination-like events. When genes or gene segments are relocated, it seems plausible that they may be placed in the context of distinct transcription control elements. As such, DRB region-related transcription level differences may add an extra layer of polymorphism to this section of the adaptive immune system.

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Comparative genetics of a highly divergent DRB microsatellite in different macaque species

Cited by 27 publications

References 64 publications

Definition of Mafa-A and -B haplotypes in pedigreed cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

Definition of Mafa-A and -B haplotypes in pedigreed cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

Haplotype diversity generated by ancient recombination-like events in the MHC of Indian rhesus macaques

DR haplotype diversity of the cynomolgus macaque as defined by its transcriptome

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