Comparative genetic approaches to the identification of flowering time genes in temperate cereals

Laurie, D. A.; Griffiths, Simon; Dunford, Roy P.; Christodoulou, Vangelis; Taylor, Scott A.; Cockram, James; Beales, James; Turner, Adrian P.

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2004.07.007

Cited by 56 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…To date, a great deal of effort has been focused on understanding plasticity of response to environmental factors, and as a result, the basic seasonal cues to which most plant species and traits respond are fairly well understood. Examination of intraspecific variation in phenology within the framework of models that balance response to different environmental cues may help elucidate the genetic pathways involved as well as the amount of genetic variation in this sensitivity (see also Laurie et al 2004;Welch et al 2005). The magnitude and distribution of natural intraspecific variation in environmental response will inform whether adaptation to new climatic regimes will be genetically constrained or how it might be facilitated through natural or assisted migration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and physiological bases for phenological responses to current and predicted climates

Wilczek

Burghardt

Cobb

et al. 2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

190

178

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We are now reaching the stage at which specific genetic factors with known physiological effects can be tied directly and quantitatively to variation in phenology. With such a mechanistic understanding, scientists can better predict phenological responses to novel seasonal climates. Using the widespread model species Arabidopsis thaliana, we explore how variation in different genetic pathways can be linked to phenology and life-history variation across geographical regions and seasons. We show that the expression of phenological traits including flowering depends critically on the growth season, and we outline an integrated life-history approach to phenology in which the timing of later life-history events can be contingent on the environmental cues regulating earlier life stages. As flowering time in many plants is determined by the integration of multiple environmentally sensitive gene pathways, the novel combinations of important seasonal cues in projected future climates will alter how phenology responds to variation in the flowering time gene network with important consequences for plant life history. We discuss how phenology models in other systems-both natural and agricultural-could employ a similar framework to explore the potential contribution of genetic variation to the physiological integration of cues determining phenology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and physiological bases for phenological responses to current and predicted climates

Wilczek

Burghardt

Cobb

et al. 2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

190

178

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“…QTL for heading date: HD has long been considered as a major adaptive trait with a particularly relevant role also in domestication (Snape et al 2001;Peng et al 2003;Laurie et al 2004;Hanocq et al 2006). Adaptation of wheat to a range of environments with very different photoperiod conditions and winter temperatures is mainly accomplished by combinations of natural alleles at major genes for vernalization requirements and photoperiod sensitivity (Worland 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Trait Loci for Grain Yield and Adaptation of Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) Across a Wide Range of Water Availability

et al. 2008

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Grain yield is a major goal for the improvement of durum wheat, particularly in drought-prone areas. In this study, the genetic basis of grain yield (GY), heading date (HD), and plant height (PH) was investigated in a durum wheat population of 249 recombinant inbred lines evaluated in 16 environments (10 rainfed and 6 irrigated) characterized by a broad range of water availability and GY (from 5.6 to 58.8 q ha À1 ). Among the 16 quantitative trait loci (QTL) that affected GY, two major QTL on chromosomes 2BL and 3BS showed significant effects in 8 and 7 environments, with R 2 values of 21.5 and 13.8% (mean data of all 16 environments), respectively. In both cases, extensive overlap was observed between the LOD profiles of GY and PH, but not with those for HD. QTL specific for PH were identified on chromosomes 1BS, 3AL, and 7AS. Additionally, three major QTL for HD on chromosomes 2AS, 2BL, and 7BS showed limited or no effects on GY. For both PH and GY, notable epistasis between the chromosome 2BL and 3BS QTL was detected across several environments.

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“…The third class of genes controlling fl owering time is earliness per se, also referred to as ear emergence per se, earliness in narrow sense, intrinsic earliness, and at times is called basic development rate (Laurie et al 2004 ;Cockram et al 2007 ;Shitsukawa et al 2007 ;Lewis et al 2008 ). A number of similar defi nitions have been proposed for Eps.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…39.1 ) and are responsible for fi ne-tuning of wheat fl owering time (Valarik et al 2006 ) within mega-environments (Griffi ths et al 2009 ) and are responsible for wide adaptation of wheat to different environments (Lewis et al 2008 ). Laurie et al ( 2004 ) suggested that Eps factors may be largely responsible for the variation in fl owering time in crosses within winter or spring types provided they have the same alleles at the major photoperiod and vernalization response loci.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effect of Earliness per se (Eps) Genes on Flowering Time in Bread Wheat

Zikhali

Griffiths

2015

Advances in Wheat Genetics: From Genome to Field

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Photoperiod (day-length) response, vernalization (response to extended periods of cold) and earliness per se ( Eps ) genes regulate fl owering time in wheat. The vernalization and photoperiod response genes are relatively well studied. However, the role of Eps genes is yet to be fully understood but the current assumption is that Eps genes regulate fl owering independent of vernalization and photoperiod. While some Eps genes have been cloned in both Hordeum vulgare and Triticum monococcum , none has been cloned in Triticum aestivum to date. The use of near isogenic lines (NILs) in both T. monococcum and Triticum aestivum has enabled Eps effects to be studied in more detail and candidate genes have been proposed for Eps effects in both species. Eps loci are reported to be involved in fi ne tuning fl owering time and are also responsible for controlling spikelet number and size hence could be manipulated to increase wheat yield. This mini review summarises our current understanding of Eps and how manipulation of Eps genes can be used in predictive wheat breeding.The world population demands more food, greater diversity of food, a balanced and healthy diet, produced on no more, and preferably less land, while conserving soil, water, and genetic resources. The major problem is that even though wheat yields are increasing (Lopes et al. 2012 ), the percentage increase is below the projected percentage demand with about 0.6 % defi cit projected annually until 2050 (Dixon et al. 2009 ;Rosegrant and Agcaoili 2010 ). The challenge wheat breeders face is to bridge the gap between wheat demand and wheat production. It is therefore vital to direct wheat breeding efforts to the production of higher yielding varieties in order to ensure current and future food security (Reyolds et al. 2012 ). The part of the wheat plant that is important for direct consumption by humans is the grain and its production is dependent on fl owering time. Manipulating fl owering time is one avenue that can be exploited to increase wheat grain yield (Herndl et al. 2008 ; Greenup et al. 2009 ). However, in order to successfully increase grain yield, it is

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Comparative genetic approaches to the identification of flowering time genes in temperate cereals

Cited by 56 publications

References 74 publications

Genetic and physiological bases for phenological responses to current and predicted climates

Genetic and physiological bases for phenological responses to current and predicted climates

Quantitative Trait Loci for Grain Yield and Adaptation of Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) Across a Wide Range of Water Availability

The Effect of Earliness per se (Eps) Genes on Flowering Time in Bread Wheat

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