Comparative genetic analysis of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2) receptor ACE2 in different populations

Cao, Yanan; Li, Lin; Feng, Zhihui; Wan, Shengqing; Huang, Peide; Sun, Xiaohui; Fang, Wen; Huang, Xuanlin; Ning, Guang; Wang, Weiqing

doi:10.1038/s41421-020-0147-1

Cited by 789 publications

(865 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Since ACE2 is primarily expressed in the lower respiratory tract, meaning that subjects exposed to index cases producing viruscontaining aerosol (e.g. intubated patients or patients with high viral load and severe cough) are the most likely to develop primary (severe) pulmonary infection [17,[38][39][40].…”

Section: Hospital Outbreaks Of Non-sars-like Covsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus infections: Epidemiological, clinical and immunological features and hypotheses

Raoult¹,

Zumla²,

Locatelli³

et al. 2020

CST

315

271

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Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large family of enveloped, positivestrand RNA viruses. Four human CoVs (HCoVs), the non-severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like HCoVs (namely HCoV 229E, NL63, OC43, and HKU1), are globally endemic and account for a substantial fraction of upper respiratory tract infections. Non-SARS-like CoV can occasionally produce severe diseases in frail subjects but do not cause any major (fatal) epidemics. In contrast, SARS like CoVs (namely SARS-CoV and Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, MERS-CoV) can cause intense short-lived fatal outbreaks. The current epidemic caused by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 and its rapid spread globally is of major concern. There is scanty knowledge on the actual pandemic potential of this new SARS-like virus. It might be speculated that SARS-CoV-2 epidemic is grossly underdiagnosed and that the infection is silently spreading across the globe with two consequences: (i) clusters of severe infections among frail subjects could haphazardly occur linked to unrecognized index cases; (ii) the current epidemic could naturally fall into a low-level endemic phase when a significant number of subjects will have developed immunity. Understanding the role of paucisymptomatic subjects and stratifying patients according to the risk of developing severe clinical presentations is pivotal for implementing reasonable measures to contain the infection and to reduce its mortality. Whilst the future evolution of this epidemic remains unpredictable, classic public health strategies must follow rational patterns. The emergence of yet another global epidemic underscores the permanent challenges that infectious diseases pose and underscores the need for global cooperation and preparedness, even during inter-epidemic periods.

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Section: Hospital Outbreaks Of Non-sars-like Covsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus infections: Epidemiological, clinical and immunological features and hypotheses

Raoult¹,

Zumla²,

Locatelli³

et al. 2020

CST

315

271

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2 No direct evidence was identified genetically supporting the existence of coronavirus S-protein binding-resistant ACE2 mutants in different populations. 13 Dysglycemia is known to downregulate key mediators of host innate immune response to pathogenesis. In patients with diabetes, hyperglycemia and insulinopenia attenuate the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their downstream acute phase reactant to functionally impair the innate and humoral immune systems of the host.…”

Section: Associations Between Covid-19 and Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Care for diabetes with COVID‐19: Advice from China

Wang

et al. 2020

Journal of Diabetes

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“…Host specificity is believed to be largely dependent upon variation in the CoV spike attachment glycoprotein [23]. Although the infectivity of most strains is host species-specific, host range is wide across different CoVs, and some bat CoVs rely on the same host receptor (angiotensin-converting enzyme-2; ACE-2) as human CoVs to facilitate entry into cells [11,25,26]. It has been hypothesized that the CoV propensity for host-switching may partly be attributable to recombination events that alter the spike protein, which, in turn, affects interactions with host receptors (e.g., ACE-2) [27,28].…”

Section: Overview Of Coronavirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current knowledge about the antivirals remdesivir (GS-5734) and GS-441524 as therapeutic options for coronaviruses

2020

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Recent international epidemics of coronavirus-associated illnesses underscore the urgent medical and public health need for vaccine development and regulatory body approved therapies. In particular, the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has quickly intensified interest in developing treatment options to mitigate impact on human life. Remdesivir (GS-5734™) is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug that is now being tested as a potential treatment for COVID-19 in international, multi-site clinical trials. Currently available evidence about the antiviral effects of remdesivir against coronaviruses is primarily based on in vitro and in vivo studies (including some on a chemically related compound, GS-441524™), which have demonstrated largely favorable findings. As the pandemic progresses, information from human compassionate use cases will continue to accumulate before the clinical trials are concluded. It is imperative for public health practitioners and the One Health community to stay up to date on the most promising potential therapeutic options that are under investigation. Thus, the purpose of this review is to synthesize the knowledge to date about remdesivir as a therapeutic option for coronaviruses, with a special focus on information relevant to the One Health community.

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Comparative genetic analysis of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2) receptor ACE2 in different populations

Cited by 789 publications

References 13 publications

Coronavirus infections: Epidemiological, clinical and immunological features and hypotheses

Coronavirus infections: Epidemiological, clinical and immunological features and hypotheses

Care for diabetes with COVID‐19: Advice from China

Current knowledge about the antivirals remdesivir (GS-5734) and GS-441524 as therapeutic options for coronaviruses

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