Comparative fruit colouration in watermelon and tomato

Tadmor, Yaakov; King, Stephen R.; Levi, Amnon; Davis, Angela R.; Meir, Ayala; Wasserman, Boris; Hirschberg, Joseph; Lewinsohn, Efraim

doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2004.07.011

Cited by 153 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A hexane:acetone:ethanol (2:1:1, v/v/v) mixture was used to extract carotenoid pigments as described (Tadmor et al, 2005). Separation of carotenoids was carried out on a C18 Nova-Pak (Waters) column (250 3 4.6 mm i.d., 60 A, 4 mm) and a Nova-Pak Sentry Guard cartridge (Waters) using a Waters 2695 HPLC apparatus equipped with a Waters 996 photodiode array detector as described (Tadmor et al, 2000).…”

Section: Carotenoid and Chlorophyll Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Distinct Mechanisms of the ORANGE Protein in Controlling Carotenoid Flux

Chayut

Yuan

Ohali³

et al. 2016

Plant Physiol.

101

109

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b-Carotene adds nutritious value and determines the color of many fruits, including melon (Cucumis melo). In melon mesocarp, b-carotene accumulation is governed by the Orange gene (CmOr) golden single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) through a yet to be discovered mechanism. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), OR increases carotenoid levels by posttranscriptionally regulating phytoene synthase (PSY). Here, we identified a CmOr nonsense mutation (Cmor-lowb) that lowered fruit b-carotene levels with impaired chromoplast biogenesis. Cmor-lowb exerted a minimal effect on PSY transcripts but dramatically decreased PSY protein levels and enzymatic activity, leading to reduced carotenoid metabolic flux and accumulation. However, the golden SNP was discovered to not affect PSY protein levels and carotenoid metabolic flux in melon fruit, as shown by carotenoid and immunoblot analyses of selected melon genotypes and by using chemical pathway inhibitors. The high b-carotene accumulation in golden SNP melons was found to be due to a reduced further metabolism of b-carotene. This was revealed by genetic studies with double mutants including carotenoid isomerase (yofi), a carotenoid-isomerase nonsense mutant, which arrests the turnover of prolycopene. The yofi F2 segregants accumulated prolycopene independently of the golden SNP. Moreover, Cmor-lowb was found to inhibit chromoplast formation and chloroplast disintegration in fruits from 30 d after anthesis until ripening, suggesting that CmOr regulates the chloroplast-to-chromoplast transition. Taken together, our results demonstrate that CmOr is required to achieve PSY protein levels to maintain carotenoid biosynthesis metabolic flux but that the mechanism of the CmOr golden SNP involves an inhibited metabolism downstream of b-carotene to dramatically affect both carotenoid content and plastid fate.b-Carotene, a C-40 isoprenoid molecule, is the major source of vitamin A in the human diet (Maiani et al., 2009). Lack of dietary vitamin A is a common cause of premature death and child blindness in developing countries. b-Carotene is abundant in diverse edible plant tissues such as pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) fruits, sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) tubers, carrot (Daucus carota) roots, kale (Brassica oleracea) leaves, mango (Mangifera indica), and orange-fleshed melon (Cucumis melo) fruits (Howitt and Pogson, 2006;Yuan et al., 2015b). In green tissues, two b-carotene molecules are located in each PSII reaction center to facilitate electron transfer and to provide photoprotection by quenching singlet oxygen products (Telfer, 2002). In many fruits and flowers, b-carotene serves as a yellow-orange colorant and as a precursor for aromatic molecules to attract pollinators and seed dispersers (Walter and Strack, 2011).b-Carotene is a metabolite in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway that receives its precursors from the plastid-localized methyl-erythritol phosphate pathway. Carotenoid biosynthesis starts with the condensation of two geranylgeranyl diphosphate molecules, yielding the color...

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Section: Carotenoid and Chlorophyll Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six discs from each treatment were sampled at 12 and 24 h. Water-treated controls were sampled as well. Carotenoids were quantified by HPLC (Tadmor et al, 2005).…”

Section: In Vivo Measurement Of Carotenogenic Metabolic Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Mechanisms of the ORANGE Protein in Controlling Carotenoid Flux

Chayut

Yuan

Ohali³

et al. 2016

Plant Physiol.

101

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…(Jeffrey 2001) can be considered as the progenitor of the cultivated watermelon, we can state that the primitive wild forms had hard, non sweet, white fruit flesh, similar to citron and colocynth (Tadmor et al 2005;Wehner 2007). Based on the melon and watermelon seed samples excavated from a fifteenth century sediment layer in a well at the King's Palace of Budapest there is a long trade of cultivation in Hungary (Szabó et al 2005).…”

Section: Fruit Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological characterization of Hungarian and Turkish watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai) genetic resources

Szamosi

Solmaz

Sarı

et al. 2009

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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Thirty-nine Hungarian accessions either collected from different regions of Hungary or obtained from gene banks and 11 Turkish accessions representing particular regions of Turkey were evaluated and compared for morphological characteristics. Qualitative characters were obtained according to the modified UPOV descriptor list for 58 characters. Sixteen quantitative characters (hypocotyl length, cotyledon width and length, length of main stem, number of nodes, length and width of leaf, length of petiole, length and width of the ovary, fruit weight, size of pistil scar, diameter and length of fruit, thickness of outer layer of pericarp, total soluble solids) were also measured. Results of both qualitative and quantitative measurements indicated that Hungarian and Turkish germplasm resources present a wide range of diversity for morphological traits. Accessions of the two countries show many similarities, therefore cannot be separated clearly. Considering the historical background, the two countries might have varieties with similar phenotypes and genetically common backgrounds.

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“…Many studies have been carried out on carotenoids, considered an important group of natural antioxidants (Bast et al, 1998;Møller et al, 2000;Schabath et al, 2004;Rao and Rao, 2007). In the last decade, lycopene, a carotenoid present in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) and several ripe fruits and vegetables, such as watermelon, pink grapefruit and carrots (Nguyen and Schwartz, 1999;Perkins-Veazie et al, 2003;Tadmor et al, 2005), has been considered in some studies related with human and animal health (Bhuvaneswari and Nagini, 2005;Rao et al, 2006;Avci and Durak, 2007;Bhom, 2007) and reproductive physiology (Martino et al, 2006;Goyal et al, 2007;Mangiagalli et al, 2007;Turk et al, 2007;Mendiola et al, 2010). In rooster, in particular, Mangiagalli et al (2010) found positive effects of lycopene addition on fertility and qualitative characteristics of semen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of lycopene supplementation on semen quality and reproductive performance in rabbit

et al. 2012

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A total of 18 hybrid strain Martini male rabbits were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups. The animals in the first and second groups drank water with 0.1 and 0.5 g/L of lycopene addition (0.1 and 0.5 groups, respectively), while water without any supplement was administered to the control group rabbits (0 group) for 8 wk. Semen was collected from 18 bucks (6 animals/group) for 5 consecutive weeks. Ejaculate volume was determined by graduated test tube and sperm concentration was calculated by Neubauer chamber. Sperm motility was evaluated subjectively by a phase contrast microscope and forward progressive motility (FPM) scored 1-4 (low-high). Sperm viability was assessed by nigrosin/eosin (N/E) staining procedure. At the end of the semen evaluation period, 20 females/group were inseminated on day 11 post partum with a pool of semen collected from each experimental group. Data showed that the highest level of lycopene (0.5 group) resulted in a significantly greater volume of ejaculate and total number of sperm than in the control group (0.98 vs. 0.78 mL and 364 vs. 227; P<0.05), while sperm concentration was not affected. Lycopene addition did not significantly affect the sperm quality of fresh semen, but influenced the semen traits during storage (24 h at 5°C). In particular, the motility, FPM and viability of the 0.5 group were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those found in the 0 and 0.1 groups. No significant differences were found in reproductive performance. This study shows the positive effects of lycopene supplementation on semen production and refrigerated semen characteristics. Lycopene supplementation of drinking water could have interesting applications in field conditions, although further research into the role of this antioxidant in animal production is needed.

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Comparative fruit colouration in watermelon and tomato

Cited by 153 publications

References 18 publications

Distinct Mechanisms of the ORANGE Protein in Controlling Carotenoid Flux

Distinct Mechanisms of the ORANGE Protein in Controlling Carotenoid Flux

Morphological characterization of Hungarian and Turkish watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai) genetic resources

Effect of lycopene supplementation on semen quality and reproductive performance in rabbit

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