1992
DOI: 10.1007/bf00378279
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Comparative evaluation of urinalysis and blood analysis as means of detecting exposure to organic solvents at low concentrations

Abstract: One hundred and forty-three workers exposed to one or more of toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, styrene, n-hexane, and methanol at sub-occupational exposure limits were examined for the time-weighted average intensity of exposure by diffusive sampling, and for biological exposure indicators by means of analysis of shift-end blood for the solvent and analysis of shift-end urine for the corresponding metabolite(s). Urinalysis was also performed in 20 nonexposed control men to establish the "background level." Both … Show more

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Cited by 64 publications
(37 citation statements)
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“…Street vendors and workers exposed to gasoline fumes can have blood ethylbenzene levels up to ten times higher than levels found in the general population . Workers in the petroleum industry and those with solvent exposure can have blood ethylbenzene levels that are several hundred times higher than those in the general population (Angerer and Wulf, 1985;Kawai et al, 1992).…”
Section: Biomonitoring Informationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Street vendors and workers exposed to gasoline fumes can have blood ethylbenzene levels up to ten times higher than levels found in the general population . Workers in the petroleum industry and those with solvent exposure can have blood ethylbenzene levels that are several hundred times higher than those in the general population (Angerer and Wulf, 1985;Kawai et al, 1992).…”
Section: Biomonitoring Informationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Solvent workers: This group were artisans, who had been engaged in making sandal, shoe, and leather at small factories using solvent mixtures containing mainly n-hexane, xylene, and toluene. Concentrations of metabolites of solvents in urine samples taken from the workers in the morning before work for 2,5-hexanedione (HD), methylhippuric acid (MHA), and hippuric acid (HA) ( Table 1) were higher than those of male Japanese without solvent exposure, i.e., 0.25 ± 0.23 mg/g Creatinine (Cn) for HD, 0.028 ± 0.021 g/g Cn for MHA, and 0.14 ± 0.71 g/g Cn for HA, respectively (mean ± SD) 29,30) . HD in end-of-shift urine of workers was estimated to be at least twice that in the samples examined, i.e., about 0.8-6 (mean 2.4) mg/g Cn, as urinary samples were taken approximately 16 hr after the end of last shift (17:00) and the half-life of urinary excretion of HD is 13-14 hr 31) .…”
Section: Subjectsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In diesem Zusammenhang kommt der letztgenannten Studie größere Bedeutung zu, weil die mittlere Raumluftkonzentration von 75 ppm dem MAK-Wert am nächsten liegt. In anderen Fällen muss von sehr niedrigen Raumluftkonzentrationen auf die Verhältnisse unter MAK-Bedingungen extrapoliert werden (Kawai et al 1992, Krämer et al 1999. Auch die Arbeit von Tardif und Mitarbeitern (Tardif et al 1991) stützt die Ergebnisse von Zinser, wobei zu bemerken ist, dass die experimentell exponierten Personen keiner körperlichen Belastung ausgesetzt waren.…”
Section: Xylol Im Blutunclassified
“…Auch können die Ergebnisse von Studien nicht in die Grenzwertabschätzung einbezogen werden, die bei der Untersuchung asiatischer Beschäftig-ter erzielt wurden (Kawai et al 1991, Kawai et al 1992, Inoue et al 1993, Huang et al 1994, Ogata et al 1995. Asiaten weisen eine andere Enzymausstattung als Europäer auf: Dies führt dazu, dass sie unter gleicher äußerer Belastung etwa 30% weniger Methylhippursäure ausscheiden als Europäer (Jang 1997).…”
Section: Methylhippursäureausscheidung Im Urinunclassified
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