Comparative Evaluation of Three Commercial Elisa Kits Used for the Detection of Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in Feedstuffs and Comparison with an HPLC Method

Maggira, Martha; Sakaridis, Ioannis; Ioannidou, Maria; Samouris, Georgios

doi:10.3390/vetsci9030104

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…The average recoveries were 84% and 88% for the low and high concentrations, respectively, which were similar to those reported in the two aforementioned studies. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was calculated, and the values were lower than 10%, which are comparable to those reported by [ 26 ]. This proves the effectiveness of this kit in determining the OTA in rice.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 85%

Exposure to Ochratoxin A from Rice Consumption in Lebanon and United Arab Emirates: A Comparative Study

Hassan

Ghaida

Charara

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Our study aims to evaluate the ochratoxin A (OTA) in rice marketed in Lebanon and the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and to determine the exposure to OTA from rice consumption. All brands available in the market were collected twice (total number of collected samples: 105 and 127 in Lebanon and the UAE, respectively). Using ELISA, the OTA in 56 (53%) samples in Lebanon and 73 (58%) samples in the UAE were above the limit of quantification (0.8 μg/kg). The average concentrations of the positive samples ± standard deviations were 1.29 ± 0.32 and 1.40 ± 0.42 μg/kg in Lebanon and the UAE, respectively. Only one sample (1%) in Lebanon had a level at the borderline of the European Union (EU) limit, and two samples (1.6%) in the UAE had a level above the EU limit (5 μg/kg). The OTA in brown rice was higher than in white and parboiled rice for both countries, yet the difference was not significant. The packing season, packing country, and country of origin did not have any significant effects. The presence of a food safety certification resulted in lower OTA in the rice, but the difference was significant (p = 0.04) in the UAE only. Long grains had higher OTA than short grains, yet the difference was only significant in Lebanon (p = 0.046). The exposures were calculated as 1.27 ng/kg body weight/day in Lebanon and 1.42 ng/kg body weight/day in the UAE, and no health risk was observed for both the neoplastic and non-neoplastic effects.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 85%

Exposure to Ochratoxin A from Rice Consumption in Lebanon and United Arab Emirates: A Comparative Study

Hassan

Ghaida

Charara

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…The proper ratio is essential to maximise the extraction and avoid the loss of the liquid phase due to matrix swelling, which can be a source of false measurements [ 10 – 12 ]. Maggira et al [ 13 ] set the pH of the extract, but they worked with barley and durum wheat mixture not comparable with a fermented forage. Pirestani et al [ 14 ] dried the silage under the sun, which could cause UV degradation of AFL B1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization and Validation of ELISA for Aflatoxin B1 Detection in Fermented Forages and Feeds

et al. 2022

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Enzyme-coupled immunosorbent assays (ELISA) methods are usually validated only for homogenous matrixes like corn and wheat. More complex materials like fermented forages and mixed feed are not targeted for mycotoxin measurement. The low number of ELISA methods found in the literature neither contained the pH set for fermented forages nor dealt with the setting of the matrix:solvent ratio. The sample preparation of these matrixes needs to be optimized and validated for aflatoxin B1 analysis from fermented forages (corn silage and rye haylage) and mixed feed for Romer AgraQuant® Aflatoxin B1 ELISA (Romer Labs, Austria). Drying and pH adjustment of fermented forages had high importance before mycotoxin extraction. Because of the matrix swelling, the 1 : 5 ratio of the sample/extraction solute should have been increased to 1 : 8 to gain the highest aflatoxin B1 recovery. The accuracy and repeatability of the analysis were tested and found to be suitable for further application.

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“…The need to analyse several samples, providing fast and reliable results, as well as the need to use the lowest possible volume of sample, make ELISA the best method. In fact, although both ELISA and HPLC were shown to be suitable methods for mycotoxin analysis, the choice of one of these methods should primarily be determined by number of samples [ 29 ]. ELISA is an established high-throughput assay with low sample volume requirements and often has fewer sample clean-up procedures than the HPLC methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compliance between Food and Feed Safety: Eight-Year Survey (2013–2021) of Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Milk and Aflatoxin B1 in Feed in Northern Italy

Ferrari

Rizzi

Grandi

et al. 2023

Toxins

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Aflatoxins (AFs) are fungal metabolites that are found in feed and food. When ruminants eat feed contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), it is metabolised and aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is excreted in the milk. Aflatoxins can result in hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, and immunosuppressive effects. The European Union thus set a low threshold limit (50 ng/L) for presence of AFM1 in milk. This was in view of its possible presence also in dairy products and that quantification of these toxins is mandatory for milk suppliers. In the present study, a total of 95,882 samples of whole raw milk, collected in northern Italy between 2013 and 2021, were evaluated for presence of AFM1 using an ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) method. The study also evaluated the relationship between feed materials collected from the same farms in the same area during the same period (2013–2021) and milk contamination. Only 667 milk samples out of 95,882 samples analysed (0.7%) showed AFM1 values higher than the EU threshold limit of 50 ng/L. A total of 390 samples (0.4%) showed values between 40 and 50 ng/L, thus requiring corrective action despite not surpassing the regulatory threshold. Combining feed contamination and milk contamination data, some feedingstuffs seem to be more effective in defying potential carryover of AFs from feed to milk. Combining the results, it can be concluded that a robust monitoring system that covers both feed, with a special focus on high risk/sentinel matrices, and milk is essential to guarantee high quality and safety standards of dairy products.

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Comparative Evaluation of Three Commercial Elisa Kits Used for the Detection of Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in Feedstuffs and Comparison with an HPLC Method

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

Exposure to Ochratoxin A from Rice Consumption in Lebanon and United Arab Emirates: A Comparative Study

Exposure to Ochratoxin A from Rice Consumption in Lebanon and United Arab Emirates: A Comparative Study

Optimization and Validation of ELISA for Aflatoxin B1 Detection in Fermented Forages and Feeds

Compliance between Food and Feed Safety: Eight-Year Survey (2013–2021) of Aflatoxin M1 in Raw Milk and Aflatoxin B1 in Feed in Northern Italy

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