Comparative evaluation of the solubility and algal toxicity of copper sulfate and chelated copper

Masuda, Kiyoshi; Boyd, Claude E.

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(93)90326-t

Cited by 46 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Despite a large fraction of applied copper that may rapidly partition to the algae (Crist et al 1990; Levy et al 2007), the efficiency of a copper formulation and subsequent algal responses are primarily dictated by the amount of applied copper that transfers to internal toxic sites of action (infused; Stauber and Florence 1987;Stauber and Davies 2000;Bishop and Rodgers 2012). The efficiencies of different copper formulations need to be assessed to identify the formulation that achieves the critical burden (infused copper concentration per mass of algae required to achieve control) with the lowest amounts of applied algicide (Masuda and Boyd 1993;Mastin and Rodgers 2000;Bishop and Rodgers 2012). By measuring the critical burden of the targeted alga to a specific algicide, and quantifying algae mass present at a field site, a specific algicide formulation and corresponding amount to achieve control can be predicted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affinity and Efficacy of Copper Following an Algicide Exposure: Application of the Critical Burden Concept for Lyngbya wollei Control in Lay Lake, AL

Bishop

Willis

Horton

2014

Environmental Management

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Accurate predictions of nuisance algae responses to algicide exposures are needed to guide management decisions. Copper sorption and responses of Lyngbya wollei (Farlow ex Gomont) Speziale and Dyck were measured in the laboratory and two areas in Lay Lake (AL, USA) to treatments of Captain(®) XTR (SePRO Corporation; chelated copper algicide) and a sequential treatment of GreenClean(®) Liquid (BioSafe Systems, LLC; peroxygen algicide) combined with Hydrothol(®) 191 (United Phosphorus, Inc.; endothall algicide) followed by Captain XTR. Measured filament viability in laboratory exposures predicted Captain XTR alone could control L. wollei in Lay Lake, with 2 mg Cu/g algae EC75. This produced a targeted field treatment of 9.7 kg Cu/ha which was divided into three applications of 0.3 mg Cu/L as Captain XTR in the treatment areas. Laboratory and field experiments indicated treatments of Captain XTR alone and the combination treatment resulted in comparable copper sorption and responses of L. wollei. Copper adsorbed greater to L. wollei in laboratory experiments than in the treated areas of Lay Lake with comparable exposures (2 mg Cu/g L. wollei). However, responses and infused copper were similar and correlated in laboratory experiments and treated areas of Lay Lake indicating infused copper is critical for governing toxicity. Laboratory exposures as mg Cu/g algae accurately predicted the necessary algicide exposure required to attain the critical burden of infused copper and elicit desired responses of L. wollei in treated areas of Lay Lake.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Affinity and Efficacy of Copper Following an Algicide Exposure: Application of the Critical Burden Concept for Lyngbya wollei Control in Lay Lake, AL

Bishop

Willis

Horton

2014

Environmental Management

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“…Copper is often chelated with citric acid or triethanol amine to increase its solubility and residual time in water. These organic ligands are degraded fairly quickly by bacteria in ponds, and they do not accumulate in plants and animals (Masuda and Boyd, 1993).…”

Section: Algicides and Herbicidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks associated with the use of chemicals in pond aquaculture

Boyd

Massaut

1999

Aquacultural Engineering

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256

137

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The most common substances used in pond aquaculture are fertilizers and liming materials. Fertilizers are highly soluble and release nutrients that can cause eutrophication of natural waters. Fertilizers are also corrosive and some are highly explosive, so proper handling is necessary to prevent accidents. Some liming materials are caustic and can be hazardous to workers if proper precautions are not exercised. Liming materials do not cause environmental problems, and liming and inorganic fertilizer compounds do not present food safety concerns. An array of other substances is used less frequently in aquaculture including: oxidants, disinfectants, osmoregulators, algicides, coagulants, herbicides, and probiotics. These compounds or biological products quickly degrade or precipitate. They are not bioaccumulative and do not cause environmental perturbations in natural waters receiving pond effluents. Accidental spills of some substances could cause environmental damage. Most substances used in pond aquaculture to improve soil or water quality present little or no risk to food safety. The use of human wastes in aquaculture or the contamination of aquaculture systems with agricultural or industrial pollution could result in product contamination and food safety concerns. Some substances pose safety risks to workers, explosion or fire hazards, or cause mild pollution.

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“…If the available copper concentration is insufficient to achieve the critical burden for the algae present, then control will not be achieved. Due to the form of copper in chelated copper algaecides, there is increased copper affinity for the algae, and complexation to less bioavailable forms is decreased, thus providing a greater opportunity for achieving control of the targeted algae (Masuda and Boyd 1993). Chelated copper formulations may also be uptaken by passive transport as opposed to facilitated active transport, consequently introducing more copper to internal sites of action compared with copper sulfate and achieving control with lower critical burdens and amounts of copper applied (Stauber and Florence 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…6 Response of L. wollei, in terms of chlorophyll a, in experiment 3 with a series of algal masses exposed to a constant aqueous copper concentration from three different algaecide formulations (Clearigate, Algimycin-PWF, and copper sulfate pentahydrate) due to their diffusion properties, chelator toxicity (Stauber and Florence 1987;Sunda 1989), and potential formation of free hydroxyl radicals (Florence et al 1983). Results from both Masuda and Boyd (1993) and Murray-Gulde et al (2002) showed that chelated copper algaecides often provide an increased aqueous copper concentration exposure due to the greater water-column residence time compared with copper sulfate. Our results also support those of Fitzgerald and Jackson (1979), who found that different copper algaecide formulations required significantly different amounts of copper to achieve control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Responses of Lyngbya wollei to Exposures of Copper-Based Algaecides: The Critical Burden Concept

Bishop

Rodgers

2011

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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The formulation of a specific algaecide can greatly influence the bioavailability, uptake, and consequent control of the targeted alga. In this research, three copper-based algaecide formulations were evaluated in terms of copper sorption to a specific problematic alga and amount of copper required to achieve control. The objectives of this study were (1) to compare the masses of copper required to achieve control of Lyngbya wollei using the algaecide formulations Algimycin-PWF, Clearigate, and copper sulfate pentahydrate in laboratory toxicity experiments; (2) to relate the responses of L. wollei to the masses of copper adsorbed and absorbed (i.e., dose) as well as the concentrations of copper in the exposure water; and (3) to discern the relation between the mass of copper required to achieve control of a certain mass of L. wollei among different algaecide formulations. The critical burden of copper (i.e., threshold algaecide concentration that must be absorbed or adsorbed to achieve control) for L. wollei averaged 3.3 and 1.9 mg Cu/g algae for Algimycin-PWF and Clearigate, respectively, in experiments with a series of aqueous copper concentrations, water volumes, and masses of algae. With reasonable exposures in these experiments, control was not achieved with single applications of copper sulfate despite copper sorption >13 mg Cu/g algae in one experiment. Factors governing the critical burden of copper required for control of problematic cyanobacteria include algaecide formulation and concentration, volume of water, and mass of algae. By measuring the critical burden of copper from an algaecide formulation necessary to achieve control of the targeted algae, selection of an effective product and treatment rate can be calculated at a given field site.

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Comparative evaluation of the solubility and algal toxicity of copper sulfate and chelated copper

Cited by 46 publications

References 9 publications

Affinity and Efficacy of Copper Following an Algicide Exposure: Application of the Critical Burden Concept for Lyngbya wollei Control in Lay Lake, AL

Affinity and Efficacy of Copper Following an Algicide Exposure: Application of the Critical Burden Concept for Lyngbya wollei Control in Lay Lake, AL

Risks associated with the use of chemicals in pond aquaculture

Responses of Lyngbya wollei to Exposures of Copper-Based Algaecides: The Critical Burden Concept

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