Comparative Evaluation of the Results of Radical Surgical Treatment of Patients with Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer

Abstract

Malignant neoplasms of the bladder with invasion into the muscle layer of the organ wall (MIBC) are recognized as a highly aggressive pathology with a poorly predicted outcome, a high mortality rate, involving patients of any age without gender differences. Radical surgery’s in patients with MIBC has long and highly established itself as one of the main methods of treatment. However, the results of open surgical interventions are still accompanied by a high level of complications. The materials of medical literature (PubMed, CrossRef) for 2000–2023 were studied, with the issues of comparative evaluation of the results of surgical treatment of patients with MIBC, complications of the postoperative period. The search was conducted on the key phrases “bladder cancer”, “open cystectomy”, “robot-assisted cystectomy”, “cancer-specific survival”. The widespread introduction of video-endoscopic methods of treating patients with this disease into clinical practice has made it possible to speak about a decrease in the volume of intraoperative blood loss, the frequency of infectious complications of the wound and inpatient stay. The development of robot-assisted bladder surgery (RARC) demonstrates a number of advantages of using the daVinci robot in terms of reducing the number of postoperative complications during the traditional to study the 30–60–90-day follow-up periods. The issues of rehabilitation of patients after various methods of urine diversion, the medical-economic aspects for RARC in expert urological centers and the feasibility of the widespread introduction of this technique in medical institutions remain unclear. The coverage of these issues in the medical scientific literature is ambiguous, and therefore requires additional analysis.