Comparative evaluation of the Job Club program with welfare recipients

Azrin, Nathan H.; Philip, Robert A.; Thienes-Hontos, P; Besalel, Victoria A.

doi:10.1016/0001-8791(80)90044-5

Cited by 65 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…In addition, most research tends to focus on the short-term adjustment issues and outcomes, with scant research regarding the immigrant populations' long-term career development. Perhaps Becker and Isaacs (1996) have begun a new trend in the research by presenting a 5-year follow-up study of 175 new Americans in the Detroit area, which found that respondents had moved into economically productive roles in the community. Their findings show that after 5 years in the United States, 91% of respondents who were in the 35-to 49-year age group were working, that they had a "median income[s] of $35,500," and that 62% of those in this group either owned their own home or were buying a house (Becker & Isaacs, 1996, p. 361).…”

Section: Suggestions For Practitioners Developing Interventions For Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The researchers concluded that basic resettlement services, English classes, vocational counseling, access to free loans, a family-to-family support program, and the Jewish community's other acculturation programs were instrumental in heIping this population to achieve the success it has. The following suggestions regarding interventions for this population are based on the findings of Becker and Isaacs (1996) and those mentioned earlier in the article.…”

Section: Suggestions For Practitioners Developing Interventions For Imentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adjustment issues affecting employment for immigrants from the former soviet union

Yost

Lucas

2002

Journal of Employment Couns

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This article describes major issues, including culture shock and loss of status, that affect general adjustment of immigrants and refugees from the former Soviet Union who are resettling in the United States. Issues that affect career and employment adjustment are described and the interrelatedness of general and career issues is explored. Practical and positive suggestions for practitioners working with this population are offered.

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Section: Suggestions For Practitioners Developing Interventions For Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Suggestions For Practitioners Developing Interventions For Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjustment issues affecting employment for immigrants from the former soviet union

Yost

Lucas

2002

Journal of Employment Couns

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“…As mentioned, the purpose of the Job Club is to help clients obtain employment that is rewarding in numerous ways. Studies have demonstrated the Job Club's success with a variety of clients, including welfare recipients (Azrin, Philip, Thienes-Hontos, & Besalel, 1980), prison parolees, and former mental hospital patients (Azrin & Philip, 1979). Across these samples, individuals randomly assigned to the Job Club obtained significantly higher-paying jobs, and in shorter periods of times than control condition participants.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Community Reinforcement Approach: History and New Directions

Meyers¹,

Villanueva²,

Smith³

2005

J Cogn Psychother

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This article provides an overview of 2 closely linked treatment approaches for the substance abusing client: The Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) and Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT). In 1973, Hunt and Azrin created CRA in an attempt to restructure an individual's "community" so that a sober lifestyle was more rewarding than one dominated by alcohol. One salient CRA premise was that an individual's substance abuse recovery was heavily influenced by his or her social and occupational environment. Sisson and Azrin (1986) later built upon this premise in their work with a new type of client; the loved one of an alcoholic individual who refused to enter treatment. This program was an early version of CRAFT, which is an intervention that works through a nonusing individual to affect the behavior of a substance abuser. This article provides an empirical review of the evolution of these 2 interventions, including their application to illicit drug using clients. It also outlines the clinical procedures that comprise CRA and CRAFT, and considers future research directions. Keywords: [AU: Provide 4 to 6 keywords for indexing]T he Community Reinforcement Approach (CRA) is a cognitive-behavioral intervention that was founded on the belief that environmental contingencies play a critical role in encouraging or discouraging substance abuse (Hunt & Azrin, 1973). Accordingly, CRA utilizes community (i.e., familial, social, recreational, and occupational) reinforcers to support change in an individual's drinking or drug using behaviors. In essence, the goal is to rearrange environmental contingencies such that sober behavior becomes more rewarding than substance abusing behavior. This comprehensive intervention blends operant conditioning with a social systems approach to address multiple problem areas.In this chapter we outline the history of CRA, beginning with its original use with alcohol patients, and then tracing its eventual application to drug using populations. Additionally, we discuss the development of an outgrowth of CRA designed to work with the loved ones of treatment-refusing substance abusers; namely, Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT). Briefly, three early, well-designed studies demonstrated CRA to be more effective than existing standard treatment for alcohol dependence (Azrin, 1976;Azrin, Sisson, Meyers, & Godley, 1982;Hunt & Azrin, 1973). Some of the more recent alcohol studies replicated this success with larger, ethnically diverse samples (Smith, Meyers, & Delaney, 1998). In the four meta-analytic reviews of treatments for alcoholism conducted over the past 12 years, CRA has consistently placed among the top programs. Depending on the review, it has been ranked from the first to the fifth position out of a group of 30-50 interventions (Finney & Monahan;Holder, Longabaugh, Miller, & Rubonis, 1991;Miller et al., 1995;Miller, Wilbourne, & Hettema, 2003). In addition to its contributions to the alcohol field, CRA has a more recent history of being used in conjunction wi...

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“…Once again, the results were striking-95 percent of the treatment group was employed at the six-month follow-up point compared to only 28 percent of the control group. With funding from the US Department of Labor, Azrin et al (1980) conducted a much larger scale experiment to determine whether job clubs are effective for welfare recipients. This study was carried out in five cities, and nearly 1,000 welfare recipients were randomly assigned to receive either group job search through job clubs or the usual employment services provided to welfare recipients in the city.…”

Section: Job Clubsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the intervention is successful, it is natural to see if the promising results hold up with other populations. The original job club demonstration evaluation by Azrin et al (1975) was carried out on a general population of job seekers, but the replications in Azrin and Philip (1979) and Azrin et al (1980) focused on people with disabilities and welfare recipients, respectively. The National Supported Work demonstration, in operation from 1975 through 1980 and summarized by the Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation (1980), replicated the Vera Institute of Justice's experimental evaluation of its Wildcat supported work project for former substance abusers by adding three additional target groups-long-term welfare recipients, disadvantaged youth, and ex-offenders.…”

Section: Expansion To Other Target Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replication issues in social experiments: lessons from US labor market programs

Barnow

Greenberg

2013

J Labour Market Res

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When evaluating a pilot or demonstration program, there are risks from drawing inferences from a single test. This paper reviews the experiences of replication efforts from demonstrations using randomized controlled trials in the initial evaluation and the replications. Although replications of promising programs are primarily gathered to increase sample size, replications are also used to learn if the intervention is successful for other target groups and geographic locations, and to vary some of the intervention's features. In many cases, replications fail to achieve the same success as the original evaluation, and the paper reviews reasons that have been suggested for such failures. The paper reviews what has been learned from replications where random assignment was used in six instances: income maintenance experiments, unemployment insurance bonus experiments, the Center for Employment Training program, job clubs, job search experiments, and the Quantum Opportunity Program. The paper concludes by summarizing lessons learned from the review and areas where more research is needed.

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Comparative evaluation of the Job Club program with welfare recipients

Cited by 65 publications

References 3 publications

Adjustment issues affecting employment for immigrants from the former soviet union

Adjustment issues affecting employment for immigrants from the former soviet union

The Community Reinforcement Approach: History and New Directions

Replication issues in social experiments: lessons from US labor market programs

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