Comparative evaluation of the effect of microfluidisation on physicochemical properties and usability as food thickener and Pickering emulsifier of autoclaved and TEMPO‐oxidised nanofibrillated cellulose

Abstract

Summary Although chemical‐free production processes of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) have been investigated, comparative studies on the effect of chemical and chemical‐free processes to produce NFCs are limited. Combined effect of either of these production routes and defibrillation condition has also never been studied. Here, thermally treated NFCs were produced through microfluidisation for 6–12 passes (ANFC6‐ANFC12), while TEMPO‐oxidised NFC (TONFC) was prepared at six passes. Proportion of nanocellulose, viscosity, Gʹ and Gʺ values increased with increased microfluidisation pass in the cases of ANFCs. ANFC12 exhibited gel‐like behaviour with strongest three‐dimensional network structure and required lowest concentration to enhance thin liquid foods into honey‐like consistency. TONFC needed to be added by as much as 8.5, 1.3 and 2.3 times the amount of ANFC12 to achieve the same consistency in thickened water, milk and soup, respectively. ANFC12 can also be well used as Pickering emulsifier due to its higher viscosity and gel‐like property.

Conversion of Sugarcane Trash to Nanocrystalline Cellulose and its Life Cycle Assessment

“…The prominent band at 1640 cm −1 was attributed to the O-H of the absorbed water [42,46]. The peaks at 1428 and 1370 cm −1 correlated with the -CH 2 scissoring motion of cellulose and C-H bending, respectively [47]. The carbonyl group's vibration peaked at 1322 cm −1 [45].…”

“…peaks at 1428 and 1370 cm correlated with the -CH2 scissoring motion of cellulose and C-H bending, respectively [47]. The carbonyl group's vibration peaked at 1322 cm −1 [45].…”

“…The existence of a sulfated group (S-O2) at 1160 cm −1 was referred to as sulfuric acid from cellulose hydrolysis [48]. A peak at 1111 cm −1 reflected glucose ring stretching [49,50], 1060 cm −1 with the vibration of C-O-C in the pyranose ring [35], and 897 cm −1 with C-O-C extension at β-glycosidic linkages between glucose [51]. 2.6.…”

Sustainable Pickering Emulsions with Nanocellulose: Innovations and Challenges

“…Physical or combined physical and chemical approaches are performed using different methodologies, such as disk grinding [19], microfluidization [20], and TEMPO ((2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl) oxidation [21]. Physically extracted cellulose usually takes the form of a 25-70 nm wide (but thousands of nanometers long) web or mat of long nanofibrillated cellulose (CNF) and intertwined chains [19].…”

“…Cellulose nanostructures from different types of biomass can stabilize Pickering emulsions [9,20] with more versatility than other natural polymers. Nanocellulose can also be produced from partially delignified biomass, reducing energy costs compared to other biopolymers.…”