Comparative Evaluation of Soft Tissue Chin Thickness in Adult Patients with Skeletal Class II Malocclusion with Various Vertical Growth Patterns: a Cephalometric Study

Abstract

Introduction: Facial soft tissue thickness is important not only for plastic surgeons but also for orthodontists to plan the treatment procedure. Genioplasty, an orthognathic surgery in combination with orthodontic treatment is indicated to restore adequate shape and projection of the chin in the face. It has been performed to enhance soft tissue contours related to disproportion between soft and hard tissue. These treatments require the critical information regarding the relation between soft and hard tissues for proper treatment plan-ning. However, there is very minimal documentation on comparison of soft tissue characteristics particularly in Class II malocclusion.  Aim: To evaluate and compare soft tissue chin thickness in class II subjects with various growth patterns. To evaluate soft tissue chin thickness difference in males and females and compare the results with previous studies.  Materials and methods: The study comprised 150 adults aged between 18 and 26 years (mean age 21 years). Based on FH/MP angle the study sample was allocated into three groups: group I - low (hypodivergent), group II – average, and group III - high (hyper-divergent). Radiographs were traced manually. Angular measurements were computed to determine the vertical position of the maxilla and mandible in relation to anterior cranial base, to true horizontal and to each other. Soft tissue chin thickness was measured at three different levels.  Results: Hyperdivergent group showed greater soft tissue chin thickness at Pog-Pog’ than the hypodivergent and average angle groups. Hypodivergent group showed greater soft tissue chin thickness at Me-Me’ and Gn-Gn’ as compared to average and hyperdivergent groups. Males showed greater soft tissue chin thickness at hypodivergent, average and hyperdivergent group than females.  Conclusions: Soft tissue thickness measurements were smaller in adult patients of hyperdivergent group compared to adult patients in clinically average and hypodivergent groups. All STC measurements were greater in men than in women. The findings suggested that STC thickness in hyperdivergent pattern should be considered differently at its most anterior point (Pog) relative to its inferior landmarks (Gn and Me).

Facial Soft Tissue Characteristics Among Sagittal and Vertical Skeletal Patterns: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study

“…The influence of the vertical skeletal pattern on facial soft tissue thickness has been reported previously in other populations [31][32][33]. In agreement with our results, a study showed that the hypodivergent group had thicker soft tissue in Me h -Me s and Gn h -Gn s [34]. Previous studies found that hyperdivergent subjects had reduced soft tissue thickness in Rhi h -Rhi s , Ss h -Sn s , and U1-LS, compared to hypodivergent subjects [32,33].…”

Advances in soft and hard tissue morphology of chin

“…Harshal Santosh Patil [7] et al concluded that in skeletal class II, the high-angle group showed greater chin soft tissue thickness at Pog-Pog 'than the low-angle and mean-angle groups; the low-angle group showed greater chin soft tissue thickness at Me-Me' and Gn-Gn 'than the mean-angle and high-angle groups; and that all STC (Soft tissue thickness of the chin) were greater in men than in women. Anthony Tannous Macari [8] concluded that chin soft tissue thickness measurements were smaller in adults in the high-angle group than adults in the mean-angle and low-angle groups; all STC values were higher in males than in females, consistent with the Harshal Santosh Patil's study.…”

The Correlation of a Novel Photographic Parameter for Facial Profile Assessment in Subjects With Different Sagittal Malocclusions: A Prospective Study

“…Soft tissue thickness does not entirely depend on underlying hard tissues; it also depends on age, gender, growth pattern, and underlying malocclusion. Hence, soft tissue assessment is integral to orthodontic treatment planning [7][8][9][10][11].…”