Comparative Evaluation of Longitudinal Dispersion of Liquid in Non-Biological and Anaerobic Fixed Film Reactors

Abstract

MICROBIOLOGY Strain Isolation.A hydrogen-producing anaerobic bacterium, Clostridium butyricum strain SC-E I, was isolated from soybean meal and studied under vacuum and nonvacuum systems. The maximal hydrogen production potential by the bacteria ranged from 1.3 to 2.2 mol Hz/mol glucose, which was less than 50% of theoretical values (Kataoka et aI., 1997). The ability of a sulfate-reducing bacterium, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, to reduce molybdenum(VI) and molybdenum(IV) in anaerobic environments was investigated (Tucker et aI., 1997). The organism was observed to be useful for removing soluble molybdenum from water. The anaerobic bacterial strain Desulfomonile tiedjei was introduced in soil slurry microcosms supplemented with acetate and formate as cosubstrates and was able to achieve dechlorination of 2.5 mM of 3-chlorobenzoate within 12 days (EI Fantroussi et aI., 1997). A DNA extraction and purification method was also presented. Godon et al. (1997) analyzed the bacterial community structure of a fluidized bed reactor fed by vinasses and established three 16S rDNA clone libraries of Bacteria, Archaea, and Procarya.The enzymes from anaerobic fungi, that is, Piromyces sp. strain E2 and Neocallimastix patricia rum strain N2, effectively converted up to 2% (w/v) microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) to glucose and surpassed their commercial counterparts (Celluclast and Novozym) in batch degradation of 2% (w/v) Avicel (Dijkerman et aI., ]997). The anaerobic bacterium Dehalospirillum multivorans was applied to a biofilm reactor at 20°C for reduc-518 S.J.W.H.; Stams, A.

Influence of the organic loading rate on the hydraulic behaviour and the azo‐dye removal in an anaerobic filter

“…The effects of dispersion are particularly important in packed bed reactors. High fluid dispersion may result in inefficient substrate transport through the reactor and can decrease the effective system volume …”

Residence time distribution determination in a submerged filter with and without aeration using a tracer

“…The effects of dispersion are particularly important in packed bed reactors. Neglecting the fluid dispersion may result in inefficient transport of substrate through the reactor and an inaccurate estimation of effective volume of the system …”

Mathematical Modeling and Applied Calculation of Bioconveyer and Anaerobic Biofiltration

“…Within the first zone, as before, linear distributions Eqs. (34) and (35) are valid up to the section y ¼ y m . In the second zone 1 ≥ y ≥ y m ÀÁ , these distributions are already non-linear due to decreasing l f along the flow.…”

“…Substrate biodegradation in different sections of the same bank is described by models of the same type, similar coefficients of which may differ significantly. Since the diffusion mechanism of mass transfer on the scale of each section can be neglected [34], the relationship between neighboring sections and banks (by analogy with a layered medium of a rapid filter, multi-stage filters) is almost one-sided. As a result, the values of pollution concentrations at the outlet of each section, excluding the last section, can be considered as initial values when modeling biofiltration.…”