Comparative Evaluation of<i>In Vitro</i>Mechanical Properties of Different Designs of Epoxy‐Pin External Skeletal Fixation Systems

Tyagi, Surbhi Kuldeep; Aithal, H. P.; Kinjavdekar, P.; Amarpal,; Pawde, A. M.; Srivastava, T.; Tyagi, Kanti Prakash; Monsang, Shongsir Warson

doi:10.1111/j.1532-950x.2014.12128.x

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…At 32°C ambient temperature, the maximum temperature (38°C) of the fast curing epoxy dough was attained at 4 to 5 minutes of polymerization. 29 In a comparative study, the maximum temperature recorded during curing of the epoxy resin (43°C) was less than the PMMA (98.5°C). 9 In an in vitro study on heat transfer from epoxy polymer and PMMA to fixation pins, the heat transfer from epoxy putty to the pins did not cause the temperature to reach 47°C (>47°C would cause thermal soft tissue injury) at any time, 30 indicating that epoxy resin is safe for use in external skeletal fixation systems at least 1 cm away from the skin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Epoxy-Pin External Skeletal Fixation for Management of Open Bone Fractures in Calves and Foals: A Review of 32 Cases

Aithal

Kinjavdekar

Amarpal

et al. 2019

Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate epoxy-pin external skeletal fixation technique for the treatment of open fractures in calves and foals. Study Design Twenty-eight calves and four foals (weighing 45–105 kg) with fractures distal to the stifle or elbow made the subject for the retrospective study. The pins (2.0–3.0-mm Kirschner wires, crossed at 60–90°) were fixed at least at two locations in both proximal and distal bone fragments as per the case situation. The pins in the same plane were bent (∼2 cm from the skin) towards the fracture site or joint and were joined using an adhesive tape (additional pins used when required) to make a temporary scaffold of connecting bars or rings. Thoroughly mixed epoxy putty was applied along the pin scaffold (the epoxy columns were 20–25 mm diameter) and allowed to set for 45 to 60 minutes. All animals were evaluated based on various clinical and radiographic observations made at regular intervals. Results The epoxy-pin fixation was easy to apply and provided stable fixation of bone as indicated by early weight bearing, and fracture healing within 45 to 60 days (17/32 cases). The functional recovery was good to very good in 14 animals and satisfactory in nine cases by 12 months after removal of the fixator. Conclusions The multiplanar epoxy-pin external skeletal fixation provides stable fixation of unstable open fractures distal to the stifle or elbow joint; hence, it can be used to treat a variety of fractures in calves and foals weighing up to approximately 100 kg, especially open infected fractures of lower limb, which are difficult to treat by conventional techniques.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This may be attributed to greater fixation strength achieved by joining the two connecting bars on either ends on both sides in multiplanar and circular configurations. 10,29 Joining of connecting bars might have minimized the translocation of pins and micromotion at the pin-bone interfaces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epoxy-Pin External Skeletal Fixation for Management of Open Bone Fractures in Calves and Foals: A Review of 32 Cases

Aithal

Kinjavdekar

Amarpal

et al. 2019

Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This versatility is very useful when treating distal RUF in miniature‐ and toy‐breed dogs because these fractures often have limited bone stock in the short distal fracture fragment. Pins placed at multiple angles in small bone fragments can add mechanical stability to the fixation . The freedom of pin placement also limits iatrogenic trauma to vital structures and reduces soft tissue impingement .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical outcomes of 119 miniature‐ and toy‐breed dogs with 140 distal radial and ulnar fractures repaired with free‐form multiplanar type II external skeletal fixation

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To report the clinical outcomes of miniature-and toy-breed dogs with primary and previously treated distal radial and ulnar fractures (RUF) treated with a free-form multiplanar type II external skeletal fixation (ESF). Study design: Retrospective study. Animals: One hundred nineteen dogs with 140 distal RUF.Methods: Medical records (2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017) were reviewed for dogs weighing up to 7 kg that had been treated for distal RUF with a free-form multiplanar type II ESF.Data collected included signalment, fracture location and configuration, fracture reduction, intraoperative realignment, time to bone union and implant removal, duration of destabilization and postoperative splint, complications, and outcomes.Follow-up consisted of clinical and radiographic evaluation or telephone interview. Results: All fractures healed, with a median time of 60 days, and entire ESF was removed, with a median time of 89 days. Major complications occurred in four fractures: premature pin loosening, elbow subluxation, osteomyelitis, and delayed union. Minor complications occurred in 52 fractures (61 events). All dogs had a successful return to normal limb function at final follow-up (median, seven months; range, 2-97). Conclusion: All primary and previously treated distal RUF in miniature-and toy-breed dogs healed and allowed return to normal function after fixation with a free-form multiplanar type II ESF. Clinical significance: The free-form multiplanar type II ESF provides an alternative for minimally invasive fixation of distal RUF in miniature-and toy-breed dogs that facilitates fracture reduction, intraoperative realignment, adequate initial fixation stability, destabilization, and implant removal.

show abstract

“…Some initial studies involving acrylic external skeletal fixators have revealed that the acrylic external skeletal fixator is stronger under axial, craniocaudal bending and torsional loading, and that it is as strong in mediolateral bending loads compared to a stainless steel equivalent (7). An in vitro study of an epoxy external skeletal fixator found circular and multiplanar configurations of fixators to be stronger under axial, bending and torsional loads, as compared to a uniplanar configuration (21). The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare different configurations of acrylic external skeletal fixator systems based on the in vitro biomechanical properties so that better configurations can be used in routine clinical practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

In vitro biomechanical testing of different configurations of acrylic external skeletal fixator constructs

Tyagi¹,

Aithal²,

Kinjavdekar³

et al. 2015

Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Comparative Evaluation ofIn VitroMechanical Properties of Different Designs of Epoxy‐Pin External Skeletal Fixation Systems

Abstract: Overall, EC followed by EM-II epoxy-pin fixator designs had better mechanical strength.

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Epoxy-Pin External Skeletal Fixation for Management of Open Bone Fractures in Calves and Foals: A Review of 32 Cases

Epoxy-Pin External Skeletal Fixation for Management of Open Bone Fractures in Calves and Foals: A Review of 32 Cases

Clinical outcomes of 119 miniature‐ and toy‐breed dogs with 140 distal radial and ulnar fractures repaired with free‐form multiplanar type II external skeletal fixation

In vitro biomechanical testing of different configurations of acrylic external skeletal fixator constructs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About