Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Silver, Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans

Abstract

Objective: To determine the antimicrobial efficacy of silver, titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans. Material and Methods: Serial dilution method was employed for preparing 1%, 0.5%, 0.25% concentrations of the three test compounds. ATCC 25175 strain of streptococcus mutans was used to assess the antimicrobial activity of test compounds. Equal quantity of BHI broth was dispensed in test tubes containing sectioned tooth and to this the prepared bacterial inoculum was added. Prepared concentrations of test compounds were added accordingly and incubated for 24hrs at 37 0 C. Then, the sectioned tooth was removed and the adherent bacteria were transferred into saline solution by vortexing. These suspensions were transferred onto sterile blood agar plate to make lawn culture and were further incubated at 37 0 C for 24hrs to determine viable bacterial count. The number of colonies were counted manually from each plate and recorded for further analysis. Decrease in number of colonies represents the effective concentration of the test compound against the inhibition of biofilm formation. Results: A significant difference in the colony forming units among all three concentrations of silver (Ag), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc (ZnO) nanoparticles was noted and the antimicrobial effect of nanoparticles was concentration dependent. Inter group comparison of colony forming units with 1%, 0.5% and 0.25% of the test compound revealed that the colony forming units on the ZnO nanoparticles demonstrated highest value followed by TiO2 and the least were with that of the Ag nano particles. Conclusion: Silver, Zinc oxide and Titanium dioxide showed significant antimicrobial effects and the antimicrobial effect of nanoparticles was concentration dependent.

Antimicrobial Effect of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

“…As mentioned above for bulk powder, TiO 2 NPs have the same mechanism based on the ROS generation with the advantage of being at nanoscale. This nanoscale nature implies an important increase of surface area-to-volume ratio that provides maximum contact with environment water and oxygen [53] and a minimal size, which can easily penetrate the cell wall and cell membrane, enabling the increase of the intracellular oxidative damage.…”

Survival Analysis of Extra-Alveolar Tads Used for Orthodontic Anchorage

“…Among both IZC and Buccal Shelf implants , IZC was perceived to have only mild discomfort after placement [ Figure. 9]. however, this was not found to be statistically significant (p value -0.239) our extensive research expertise ranged from epidemiological studies to randomised clinical trials that have been published in reputed journals (Felicita, 2017a(Felicita, , 2017b(Felicita, , 2018Felicita, Thirumurthi and Jain, 2017;Korath, Padmanabhan and Parameswaran, 2017;Krishnan, Pandian and rajagopal, 2017;Charles et al, 2018;Pandian, Krishnan and Kumar, 2018;reddy et al, 2018;Chinnasamy et al, 2019). This knowledge was instrumental for us to assess the survival rate of extraalveolar TADs used for orthodontic anchorage.…”

A Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of two Visible Light Cured Orthodontic Adhesives -An In-vitro Study

“…Previously our team has done extensive research that ranged from epidemiological studies to randomised clinical trials that have been published in reputed journals. (Felicita, 2017a(Felicita, , 2017b(Felicita, , 2018Felicita, Thirumurthi and Jain, 2017;korath, Padmanabhan and Parameswaran, 2017;krishnan, Pandian and Rajagopal, 2017;Charles et al, 2018;Pandian, krishnan and kumar, 2018;Reddy et al, 2018;Chinnasamy et al, 2019) .we have also done clinical trials on bond strength (Samantha, 2017). We wanted to compare the shear bond strength of the new adhesive-Brace Paste with that Enlight -an orthodontic adhesive produced by Ormco and hence this study.…”