Comparative environmental impact assessment of various fuels and solar heat for a combined cycle

Hydrogen production, storage, utilisation and environmental impacts: a review

“…The usage of hydrogen as an energy carrier can be a promising solution for clean energy because of its non-toxicity, Eq: Equivalent al., 2019 Comparison of the use of four types of fuels for transport: dimethyl ether produced from CO 2 , methanol produced from CO 2 , hydrogen produced from steam methane reforming and hydrogen produced from water electrolysis using renewable energy. The study concluded that none of these four alternative fuel options appears as the clear replacement to gasoline and diesel Li et al, 2019 Global warming potential and non-renewable energy use for the coal direct chemical looping hydrogen generation process were 9.54 kg eq CO 2 /kg H 2 and 312.02 MJ/kg H 2 , respectively Ozturk and Dincer, 2019 This study compared the use of hydrogen, oil, lignite, solar power and natural gas to produce 1 kWh of energy. It concluded that hydrogen was the most environmentally efficient fuel with global warming potential as 0.04 kg CO 2 eq/kWh Siddiqui and Dincer, 2019 The water electrolysis route, coal gasification and biomass gasification routes showed global warming potential of 28.6, 23.7 and 4.4 kgCO 2 eq/kg H 2 , respectively.…”

“…This is because endpoint indicators entail weighting of impacts. Evidently, only one study was identified that presented environmental impacts for both midpoint and endpoint indicators (Ozturk and Dincer 2019).…”

“…Environmental impacts studied in life cycle assessment studies in the context of hydrogen productionEnvironmental impacts ReferenceGlobal warming potentialAlviani Hirano et al 2021, Bareiß De La Rua et al 2019, Booto Aamodt Espegren et al 2021, Bui Zhang et al 2021, Chen Xu et al 2019, Cortés et al 2019, Desantes Molina et al 2020, Fernández-Dacosta Shen et al 2019, Kerscher Stary et al 2021, Kim, Kim et al 2021, Li Liu et al 2019, Li Yao et al 2021, Liu Mauzerall et al 2021, Logan Nelson et al 2020, Ozturk and Dincer 2019, Reaño and Halog 2020, Reaño 2020, Sadeghi Ghandehariun et al 2020, Sako Koyama et al 2021, Sanchez Ruiz et al 2021, Siddiqui and Dincer 2019, Valente Iribarren et al 2019 Net energy use, depletion of fossil fuelsAlviani Hirano et al 2021, Bui Zhang et al 2021, Cortés et al 2019, Cvetković et al, 2021, Kim, Kim et al 2021, Reaño 2020, Sanchez Ruiz et al 2021, Fernández-Dacosta Shen et al 2019, Li Liu et al 2019, Ozturk and Dincer 2019, Siddiqui and Dincer 2019, Valente Iribarren et al 2019 Abiotic depletion potential Booto Aamodt Espegren et al 2021, Chen Xu et al 2019, Karaca Dincer et al 2020, Kim, Kim et al 2021, Ozturk and Dincer 2019, Sako Koyama et al 2021, Sanchez Ruiz et al 2021 Acidification potential Booto Aamodt Espegren et al 2021, Chen Xu et al 2019, Cortés et al 2019, Karaca Dincer et al 2020, Kim, Kim et al 2021, Li Yao et al 2021, Reaño 2020, Sanchez Ruiz et al 2021, Ozturk and Dincer 2019, Siddiqui and Dincer 2019, Valente Iribarren et al 2019 Eutrophication potential Booto Aamodt Espegren et al 2021, Chen Xu et al 2019, Cortés et al 2019, Kim, Kim et al 2021, Li Yao et al 2021, Reaño 2020, Sanchez Ruiz et al 2021, Ozturk and Dincer 2019, Siddiqui and Dincer 2019 Ozone layer depletion potential Booto Aamodt Espegren et al 2021, Bareiß De La Rua et al 2019, Chen Xu et al 2019, Cortés et al 2019, Karaca Dincer et al 2020, Ozturk and Dincer 2019 Photochemical oxidant formation potential Booto Aamodt Espegren et al 2021, Bareiß De La Rua et al 2019, Chen Xu et al 2019, Cortés et al 2019, Ozturk and Dincer 2019, Siddiqui and Dincer 2019 Metal depletion potential Bareiß De La Rua et al 2019 Particulate matter formation potential Bareiß De La Rua et al 2019, Cortés et al 2019, Siddiqui and Dincer 2019 Land use Ozturk and Dincer 2019 Terrestrial ecotoxicity potential Bareiß De La Rua et al 2019, Cortés et al 2019, Ozturk and Dincer 2019, Reaño 2020 Freshwater ecotoxicity potential Cortés et al 2019, Ozturk and Dincer 2019, Sanchez Ruiz et al 2021 Marine ecotoxicity potential Cortés et al 2019, Ozturk and Dincer 2019 Human toxicity potential Booto Aamodt Espegren et, Bareiß De La Rua et al 2019, Chen Xu et al 2019, Cortés et al 2019, Karaca Dincer et al 2020, Ozturk and Dincer 2019, Sanchez Ruiz et al 2021, Siddiqui and Dincer 2019 …”

Comparative life cycle assessment of aerobic treatment units and constructed wetlands as onsite wastewater treatment systems in Australia

“…As mentioned in the GWP analysis, coal and natural gas are used in higher proportions for the generation of electricity in Australia. According to the Toxic Release Inventory (TRI), the specific use of coal involves emissions of three principal categories englobing nonvolatile and volatile highly human toxic substances such as, mercury, selenium, beryllium and barium (Rubin 1999;Färe et al 2010;Ozturk & Dincer 2019). In the case of the CWs, this technology showed a higher contribution to HTP in its construction phase, due to the relatively high requirement of materials such as PVC pipes, which involves emissions of carcinogens such as vinyl chloride and dioxins during its manufacture (EPA 2021).…”

Life-Cycle Assessment of a Rural Terraced House: A Struggle with Sustainability of Building Renovations

“…This makes the STS the most (environmentally) desirable heating source for the described house. Literature such as [64,65] show that larger STS could provide even above 90% reduction environmental impacts compared to natural gas (depending on assessed impact categories). However, a larger solar system was not considered in the presented case study due to limitations described in Section 2.5.…”