Comparative electrochemical sodium insertion/extraction behavior in layered NaxVS2 and NaxTiS2

Lee, Eungje; Sahgong, Sunhye; Johnson, Christopher; Kim, Young‐Sik

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2014.08.032

Cited by 30 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…While turning to the anodic scan, there were two peaks located at 1.62 and 1.96 V, corresponding to the slight working plateaus. The multi‐step reaction during Na + intercalation‐de‐intercalation processes can be ascribed to the formation of various Na/vacancy ordered patterns as a function of Na content . The specific capacitance of the VS 2 @EG is calculated to be 407 F g −1 at 0.2 A g −1 and it maintained at 348 F g −1 even at a high current density of 1.6 A g −1 (Figure b).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 97%

A Nonaqueous Na‐Ion Hybrid Micro‐Supercapacitor with Wide Potential Window and Ultrahigh Areal Energy Density

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2019

Batteries & Supercaps

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The increasing demand on smart miniaturized electronics has greatly boosted the development of high-performance microsupercapacitors (MSCs). However, the unsatisfied electrochemical performance (e. g., narrow potential window, low areal energy density) impedes their wide applications. Here, we demonstrate a novel type of nonaqueous Na-ion hybrid MSC, using VS 2 nanosheets grown on electrochemically exfoliated graphene (VS 2 @EG) as the negative electrode and activated carbon as the positive electrode in nonaqueous sodium-ion electrolyte. Such constructed nonaqueous Na-ion hybrid MSCs show a remarkable areal capacitance of 110.7 mF cm À 2 at 0.2 mA cm À 2 in a wide potential range of 0.01-3.5 V and an outstanding areal energy density of 188.3 μWh cm À 2 . Besides, an impressive cycling stability up to 5000 cycles without noticeable decay is also achieved for the nonaqueous Na-ion hybrid MSCs. This new hybrid MSC holds great potential application in onchip electronics.Increasing interests in on-chip electronic devices have significantly stimulated the growing demand for low-cost and highperformance miniaturized energy power sources. [1] Among them, micro-supercapacitors (MSCs), have attracted much attention due to their intrinsic advantages such as high power densities, fast charge/discharge rates, and long operating cycles. [2] However, the recently reported MSCs still suffer from the poor overall electrochemical performance, especially narrow potential window and low areal energy density. [3] To overcome the aforementioned challenges, nonaqueous hybrid MSCs represent a good solution by coupling a capacitor-type cathode and a battery-type anode with expanded operating voltage and enhanced energy density. [4] Among them, the Na-ion hybrid MSC is a promising candidate due to the large accessibility of low-cost Na and electrolyte. [5] Currently, the reaction kinetics of the anode electrodes (e. g., Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 , [6] V 2 O 5 , [7] TiO 2 , [8] Li 3 VO 4 , [9] etc.) based on a diffusioncontrolled intercalation process (i. e. conversion or alloying) are much slower than those of the cathode electrodes (e. g., activated carbon, [10] carbon nanotubes, [11] graphene, [12] etc.) based on a surface-controlled process. As an emerging member of transitional metal dichalcogenides, VS 2 has been widely applied in electrochemical energy storage devices owing to many intriguing chemical and physical properties. [13] However, its potential in nonaqueous Na-ion hybrid MSC is underexplored.In this work, we constructed a new-type nonaqueous Naion hybrid MSC with wide potential window and ultrahigh areal energy density by using activated carbon (AC), vertically aligned VS 2 nanosheets on electrochemically exfoliated graphene (VS 2 @EG) sheets, and nonaqueous NaClO 4 dispersion serving as cathode, anode, and electrolyte, respectively. Notably, ion adsorption/desorption on the AC electrode and surface-controlled process on the VS 2 @EG electrode enable the constructed Na-ion hybrid MSCs presenting a high reversiblity during char...

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 97%

A Nonaqueous Na‐Ion Hybrid Micro‐Supercapacitor with Wide Potential Window and Ultrahigh Areal Energy Density

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2019

Batteries & Supercaps

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“…Although it features good reversibility for lithium intercalation and deintercalation, TiS 2 is not used in commercial applications due to the safety issues. Recently, some reports applied TiS 2 as an electrode for SIBs with long‐term stability . The synthesized room temperature product TiS 2 belongs to the P

\overset{3}{true}

m 1 trigonal phase, and the common interlayer spacing is 0.57 nm.…”

Section: Layered Mxsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances and Challenges in Metal Sulfides/Selenides for Next‐Generation Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries

et al. 2017

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Rechargeable sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), as the most promising alternative to commercial lithium-ion batteries, have received tremendous attention during the last decade. Among all the anode materials for SIBs, metal sulfides/selenides (MXs) have shown inspiring results because of their versatile material species and high theoretical capacity. They suffer from large volume expansion, however, which leads to bad cycling performance. Thus, methods such as carbon modification, nanosize design, electrolyte optimization, and cut-off voltage control are used to obtain enhanced performance. Here, recent progress on MXs is summarized in terms of arranging the crystal structure, synthesis methods, electrochemical performance, mechanisms, and kinetics. Challenges are presented and effective ways to solve the problems are proposed, and a perspective for future material design is also given. It is hoped that light is shed on the development of MXs to help finally find applications for next-generation rechargeable batteries.

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“…Over the past decades, rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries have gained considerable technical breakthroughs and huge commercial success, but expectation for large‐scale energy storage applications raises much concern regarding limited lithium source and high cost in lithium‐based battery materials. Sodium‐based batteries have recently become one of the most promising alternatives for lithium batteries because of the similar chemical nature, inexpensive raw materials and abundant sodium source . Considerable efforts and numerous studies therefore have been devoted to improving battery capacity and cycle stability .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the Irreversible Mechanism and Voltage Hysteresis in Conversion Reaction for High‐Energy Sodium–Metal Sulfide Batteries

Wang

Eng

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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cycle stability. [6][7][8] A bottleneck for high performance in Na batteries is the cathode side in which the specify capacity is lower than 200 mA h g −1 because typical intercalation compound cathodes generally only accommodate one sodium ion per transition metal core. [9,10] In order to enhance energy densities of Na-based batteries, one way is to increase the upper cell reaction voltage limit during charge, [11,12] which is particularly challenging for Na-based battery cathodes due to the lower chemical potentials (2.71 V for Na + /Na vs 3.04 V for Li + /Li, with respect to standard hydrogen electrode). What is more, instability of electrolytes and undesirable side reactions at high voltages also pose additional challenges.The other way to achieve high capacity is to design materials in which more Na ions per metal can be incorporated reversibly. Similar to the lithium-ion system, conversion materials have been expected to be a promising candidate in the sodiumion system because they have the potential to accommodate over one sodium ion in the structure. However, undesirable drawbacks of conversion materials in lithiumion batteries such as poor cycle stability, low reversibility, and large voltage hysteresis also occur in Na-ion batteries. [13,14] Despite decades of research efforts and numerous reports in lithium ion system, the mechanisms underpinning the conversion reactions in sodium batteries, in particular irreversibility and large voltage hysteresis are less understood. [15][16][17] In this work, phase transformation and distribution in sodium-metal sulfide batteries has for the first time been imaged by in operando synchrotron full-field transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) during multiple charge/discharge cycles. FeS was selected as the model material owing to its representative property and high theoretical capacity (≈610 mA h g −1 ). [18] 2D chemical phase evolution and composition information of FeS are directly mapped by TXM with X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) technique, and sodium ion diffusivity is investigated by galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT). 3D microstructural evolution and its quantification are achieved by synchrotron X-ray nanotomography. [8,19,20] Through these approaches, we are able to comprehensively understand the origin of irreversible and large voltage hysteresis in Na-FeS Irreversible electrochemical behavior and large voltage hysteresis are commonly observed in battery materials, in particular for materials reacting through conversion reaction, resulting in undesirable round-trip energy loss and low coulombic efficiency. Seeking solutions to these challenges relies on the understanding of the underlying mechanism and physical origins. Here, this study combines in operando 2D transmission X-ray microscopy with X-ray absorption near edge structure, 3D tomography, and galvanostatic intermittent titration techniques to uncover the conversion reaction in sodium-metal sulfide batteries, a promising high-energy battery system. This study shows a high...

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Comparative electrochemical sodium insertion/extraction behavior in layered NaxVS2 and NaxTiS2

Cited by 30 publications

References 30 publications

A Nonaqueous Na‐Ion Hybrid Micro‐Supercapacitor with Wide Potential Window and Ultrahigh Areal Energy Density

A Nonaqueous Na‐Ion Hybrid Micro‐Supercapacitor with Wide Potential Window and Ultrahigh Areal Energy Density

Advances and Challenges in Metal Sulfides/Selenides for Next‐Generation Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Elucidating the Irreversible Mechanism and Voltage Hysteresis in Conversion Reaction for High‐Energy Sodium–Metal Sulfide Batteries

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