Comparative Effects of Triflusal, S-Adenosylmethionine, and Dextromethorphan over Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Abstract

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a condition that stimulates an intense inflammatory response. No ideal treatment exists. Triflusal is an antiplatelet salicylate derivative with anti-inflammatory effects. S-adenosylmethionine is a metabolic precursor for glutathione, an endogenous antioxidant. Dextromethorphan is a low-affinity N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor inhibitor. There is evidence that these agents modulate some of the pathways involved in I/R physiopathology. Intestinal I/R was induced in rats by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 60 minutes, followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. Rats either received saline or the drugs studied. At the end of the procedure, serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), malonaldehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined and intestinal morphology analyzed. I/R resulted in tissue damage, serum TNF-alpha and MDA elevations, and depletion of TAC. All drugs showed tissue protection. Only triflusal reduced TNF-alpha levels. All drugs lowered MDA levels, but only triflusal and S-adenosylmethionine maintained the serum TAC.

Zinc toxicosis in a dog secondary to prolonged zinc oxide ingestion

“…It is a precursor of glutathione, a major cellular antioxidant (Lu, 2000;Oz et al, 2005). SAMe has shown protection against oxidative stress in models of colitis, intestinal ischaemia, liver disorders, and even neurological disorders in humans (Lu, 2000;Oz et al, 2005;Camara-Lemarroy et al, 2011;Michael Brown et al, 2012;Au et al, 2013). In dogs, SAMe is hepatoprotective, and has been used as an alternative to N-acetylcysteine in acetaminophen toxicity (Wallace et al, 2002;Au et al, 2013).…”

Dextromethorphan improves locomotor activity and decreases brain oxidative stress and inflammation in an animal model of acute liver failure

“…Dextromethorphan (DXM) is a CNS active agent widely used as an effective and safe cough suppressant [20]. Interestingly, several studies have revealed that DXM provides significant CNS antioxidant effects [21][22][23][24][25][26]. Various investigations have confirmed the neuroprotective properties of DXM in complications such as cerebral ischemia, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and epilepsy [21,[27][28][29][30][31].…”