Comparative effects of three cereal brans on plasma lipids, blood pressure, and glucose metabolism in mildly hypercholestece:rolemic men

Kestin, Mark; Moss, R.E.; Clifton, Peter; Nestel, P.J.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/52.4.661

Cited by 165 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…/3-Glucan is probably the active portion of the WSDF of oats, but its content is often not given in the publication, a major flaw that has led to a great number of conflicting results. The reduction in TC of about 6% found in this study for the OFS is similar to the reduction of about 5% obtained by Kestin et al, 9 who fed an oat bran supplying 11.8 g/day DF, of which about 50% was WSDF. Van Horn et al 10 also obtained a reduction in mildly hypocholesterolemic subjects of about 5% in 6 weeks with 60 g/day of oat products, and Gold and Davidson, 11 feeding their subjects oat muffins containing about 10 g/day total DF, induced the same 5% reduction in normocholesterolemic subjects.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Guar gum and plasma cholesterol. Effect of guar gum and an oat fiber source on plasma lipoproteins and cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic adults.

Spiller¹,

Farquhar²,

Gates³

et al. 1991

Arterioscler Thromb

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The hypolipidemic effect of guar gum (GG, 15 g/day) was compared with that of an oat fiber source (OFS, 77 g/day). Both treatments supplied the same amount of total dietary fiber (11 g/day) and were taken with water three times a day for 3 weeks at mealtime. Thirteen free-living adult men and women participated in the study. Their total plasma cholesterol (TC) was 244±21 mg/dl (mean±SD), and plasma triglycerides (TGLYs) were 149±93 mg/dl before the intervention. Diets were monitored to ensure that no changes occurred other than the replacement of carbohydrate calories for the 200 kcal/day supplied by the OFS. Combined averages for both of the crossover phases showed that GG induced a reduction in TC of 26 ±10 mg/dl and in low density lipoprotein cholesterol of 25±9 mg/dl. The OFS induced a reduction in TC of 9±13 mg/dl and in low density lipoprotein cholesterol of 11±4 mg/dl. Although both treatments were effective in reducing elevated TC, GG at the levels fed was significantly more effective (/>< 0.001) in reducing TC. Neither treatment induced significant changes in high density lipoprotein cholesterol or very low density lipoprotein cholesterol. (Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis 1991;ll:1204-1208)

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Guar gum and plasma cholesterol. Effect of guar gum and an oat fiber source on plasma lipoproteins and cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic adults.

Spiller¹,

Farquhar²,

Gates³

et al. 1991

Arterioscler Thromb

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“…In the earlier trials with wheat fibre only total cholesterol was measured, not lipoprotein fractions. However in most papers that do report HDLcholesterol it has not been changed significantly by wheat fibre (McDougall et al, 1978;Dixon, 1978;Stasse-Wolthuis et al, 1979;Flanagan et al, 1980;Gariot et al, 1986;Kestin et al, 1990) and wheat fibre has no consistent effect on fasting plasma triglycerides (Truswell & Kay, 1976).…”

Section: (B) Experiments On Effects Of Cereal Foods or Fractions On Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sixty g=day of rice bran reduced LDLcholesterol slightly, increased HDL-cholesterol slightly, increased the total cholesterol=HDL-cholesterol ratio significantly and lowered triglycerides (Kestin et al, 1990). Fifteen and 30 g=day rice bran reduced plasma triglycerides but not other lipids (Sanders & Reddy, 1991).…”

Section: (B) Experiments On Effects Of Cereal Foods or Fractions On Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cereal grains and coronary heart disease

2002

Eur J Clin Nutr

424

245

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Cereal grains and their products provide around 30% of total energy intake in British adults, (much more than any of the other major food groups). Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the largest single cause of death in Britain and many other Western countries. This review examines the question whether there is a relation between cereal consumption and CHD.Several of the nutrients in cereals have known potential for reducing risk factors for CHD: the linoleic acid, fibre, vitamin E, selenium and folate. Cereals also contain phytoestrogens of the lignan family and several phenolic acids with antioxidant properties. Processing generally reduces the content of these nutrients and bioprotective substances. Although cereals at the farm gate are very low in salt, processed cereal foods, eg bread and some breakfast cereals, are high-salt foods and thus could contribute to raising blood pressure.Human experiments have clearly shown that oat fibre tends to lower plasma total and LDL cholesterol but wheat fibre does not. Rice bran and barley may also lower cholesterol but most people do not eat enough barley to have an effect. Cereal foods with low glycaemic index such as pasta and oats are beneficial for people with diabetes and might lower plasma lipids.Between 1996 and 2001 an accumulation of five very large cohort studies in the USA, Finland and Norway have all reported that subjects consuming relatively large amounts of whole grain cereals have significantly lower rates of CHD. This confirms an earlier report from a small British cohort. The protective effect does not seem to be due to cholesterol-lowering. While cohort studies have shown this consistent protective effect of whole grain cereals, there has been (only one) randomised controlled secondary prevention trial of advice to eat more cereal fibre. In this there was no reduction of the rate of reinfarction. The trial had some weaknesses, eg there were eight different diets, compliance was not checked objectively, and duration was for only 2 y.It appears valid to make health claims (as now permitted by the US FDA) that whole grain cereal foods and oat meal or bran may reduce the risk of CHD.

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“…Several studies have shown that soluble dietary ®bres, for example plant gums (Anderson, 1985;Jenkins et al, 1979;Miettinen, 1987;Todd et al, 1990;Tuomilehto et al, 1988;Uusitupa et al, 1989) and oat bran Davidson et al, 1991;DemarkWahnefried et al, 1990;DeGroot et al, 1963;Van Horn et al, 1986;Van Horn et al, 1991;Judd & Truswell, 1981;Kestin et al, 1990;Kirby et al, 1981) lower serum total and LDL-cholesterol levels. The main soluble ®bre portion of oat bran is beta-glucan (A Ê hman et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lathosterol and other non-cholesterol sterols during treatment of hypercholesterolaemia with beta-glucan-rich oat bran

Uusitupa¹,

Miettinen

Sarkkinen³

et al. 1997

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective and subjects: Dietary ®bre has been suggested to interfere with endogenous cholesterol synthesis in the liver. Therefore the effects of oat bran on the proportions of cholesterol synthesis precursors (squalene, D 8 -cholestenol, desmosterol and lathosterol), cholestanol and plant sterols (campesterol and beta-sitosterol) to cholesterol were analysed in serum of 36 hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Design: A randomized study of eight weeks duration where beta-glucan-rich oat bran (n 20, subjects) or wheat bran (n 16) was used as a part of a cholesterol lowering diet. Plant sterols and cholesterol synthesis precursors were analysed from frozen samples afterward. Results: In the oat-bran group, but not in the wheat bran group, serum total cholesterol declined transiently. The proportions of plant sterols and cholestanol in serum, which re¯ect cholesterol absorption ef®ciency were unchanged. However, the proportions of squalene appeared to be transiently increased during the study. Subjects with apolipoprotein E 4 allele had higher serum campesterol and sitosterol levels (suggestive of ef®cient cholesterol absorption) than those with homozygous apolipoprotein E 3 allele. Conclusions: Since the cholesterol precursors in serum re¯ecting endogenous cholesterol synthesis remained almost unchanged the reduction in the serum cholesterol level by oat bran treatment can not be ascribed to an inhibition of the endogenous cholesterol synthesis.

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Comparative effects of three cereal brans on plasma lipids, blood pressure, and glucose metabolism in mildly hypercholestece:rolemic men

Cited by 165 publications

References 17 publications

Guar gum and plasma cholesterol. Effect of guar gum and an oat fiber source on plasma lipoproteins and cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic adults.

Guar gum and plasma cholesterol. Effect of guar gum and an oat fiber source on plasma lipoproteins and cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic adults.

Cereal grains and coronary heart disease

Lathosterol and other non-cholesterol sterols during treatment of hypercholesterolaemia with beta-glucan-rich oat bran

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