Comparative effects of high oleic acid vs high mixed saturated fatty acid obesogenic diets upon PUFA metabolism in mice

Abstract

Emerging evidence indicates that the fatty acid composition of obesogenic diets influences physiologic outcomes. There are scant data regarding how the content of non-essential fatty acids like monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) impact the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In this work, we tested the hypothesis that obesogenic diets enriched in oleic acid (OA; 18:1n-9) reduce polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels vs an obesogenic diet enriched in SFAs. Adult male mice were fed for eight weeks either (1) a control 16% fat energy (en) diet with 5.7% en OA and 4.4% en SFA, (2) a 50% fat en diet with 33% en OA and 9.9% en SFA, or (3) a 50% en diet with a high SFA diet with 33% en SFA and 9.1% en OA. Dietary levels and intake of linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6) and α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3) were constant between the experimental groups. Several peripheral organs (liver, heart, kidney, and adipose) were analyzed for lipid composition and oxylipin analysis was performed for liver and adipose. Our data demonstrate that a high OA diet reduced tissue content of LA and ALA (≥30%) in phospholipid and neutral lipid fractions, reduced the content of some LA-derived and ALA-derived oxylipins in liver and adipose, and conversely, elevated hepatic content of PGF. In all tissues examined, except for adipose, levels of arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4n-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) were either elevated or unaffected by the obesogenic diets. Our data indicate that the non-essential fatty content of obesogenic diets impacts PUFA content in peripheral tissues and influences the levels of bioactive oxylipins.

Dietary High‐Oleic Acid Soybean Oil Dose Dependently Attenuates Egg Yolk Content of n‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Laying Hens Fed Supplemental Flaxseed Oil

“…However, to our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that feeding laying hens an oil rich in OLA attenuates the deposition into egg yolk of ALA from supplemental FLAX, as well as hepatically synthesized VLC n-3 PUFA derivatives of ALA. Moreover, this finding supports recent reports in mice, where a high monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) diet markedly reduced the hepatic contents of ALA and its VLC n-3 PUFA derivatives (except for DHA) in several tissues (Picklo, Idso, Seeger, Aukema, & Murphy, 2017;Picklo & Murphy, 2016). In the present study, egg DHA contents were greatly increased by FLAX feeding (maximum of 106 mg/egg with the 20 g FLAX/kg diet vs. 36 mg/egg with 0 supplemental FLAX) and maximally decreased by~9% at each level of supplemental HOSO (see legend of Fig.…”

Pathological hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction are linked to aberrant endogenous unsaturated fatty acid metabolism

“…Reports in the literature lend support to this possibility. Two reports demonstrated that greater gains in body weight and fat mass occurred when mice were fed a high fat diet predominant in unsaturated versus saturated fats [ 32 , 33 ]. Furthermore, studies in rats [ 34 ] and humans [ 35 – 37 ] show that adipose tissue has a stronger correlation to the dietary profile than serum or other tissues.…”

Amelioration of hippocampal dysfunction by adipose tissue‐targeted stem cell transplantation in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes

“…It is possible that the oleic acid enriched HFD we used might have contributed to such result. High oleic acid diet was reported to suppress the hepatic elongation of essential fatty acids into arachidonic (C20:4) and docosahexaenoic (C22:6) acids impairing the hepatic secretion of triglycerides (Picklo, Idso, Seeger, Aukema, & Murphy, ). However, our results are in accordance with other reports showing that plasma triglycerides do not always change in response to HFD in mouse models of diet‐induced obesity (Biddinger et al, ; Buhman et al, ; Kirk et al, ).…”