Comparative Effects of Growth Hormone in Large and Small Bowel Resection in the Rat

Growth Hormone Reduces Mortality and Bacterial Translocation in Irradiated Rats

“…There is evidence supporting GH involvement in the maintenance of the structure and function of the intestinal mucosa, e.g., while overproduction of endogenous GH stimulates the growth of the mucosa (3), GH deficiency results in hypoplasia of the intestinal mucosa (4). The existence of GH receptors in intestinal epithelial cells of the rat further suggests a direct effect of this hormone (5) and is in keeping with consistent evidence of a role for GH in the gastrointestinal tract proliferative function (3,4,6).…”

“…The study was approved by the Research Committee of our institution and met European criteria for protection of animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes (86/609/EEC). On the basis of a previous study (6), a dose of 1 mg/kg body wt/day was used since it was found to exert a greater trophic effect on the intestinal mucosa.…”

Adult zebrafish intestine resection: a novel model of short bowel syndrome, adaptation, and intestinal stem cell regeneration

“…The magnitude of the adaptation response in human patients is thought to correlate with extent of resection but is also altered by luminal factors in recovery after resection, including nutrition, pancreaticobiliary secretions, and the microbiome. EGF, glucagon-like peptide 2 (Glp2), growth hormone, and insulinlike growth factor (IGF) are among the nonnutritive factors that have been confirmed to stimulate adaptation in multiple rat, rabbit, and piglet studies (5,11,23,26,30,43,47,50). A glucagon-like peptide 2 analog (GLP-2) was recently approved in Europe and the United States for the treatment of intestinal failure and is believed to exert its effect through IGF-1, IGF-2, and ERBB ligands (39).…”

Comparative Effects of Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐2 (GLP‐2), Growth Hormone (GH), and Keratinocyte Growth Factor (KGF) on Markers of Gut Adaptation After Massive Small Bowel Resection in Rats

“…Levels of circulating (or local mucosal) GLP-2 or other putative mediators, such as IGF-1, in response to resection of different lengths of small bowel or specific segments would shed light on these questions. Several studies of GH administration using a variety of dosing schedules in different animal models of short bowel syndrome have shown inconsistent effects on small intestinal growth; some studies demonstrate various trophic effects, 19,20,22,24,28,35,38 whereas others showed no stimulation of small bowel growth with GH. 5,36,64 In addition, a dissociation between mucosal growth responses and nutrient transport functions has been observed in some studies.…”

“…In a piglet model of 80% SBR, these investigators showed that GH increased residual small bowel length, but only in animals after SBR and not in unresected control animals. 20 Gomez de Segura et al 24 showed that human GH (1.0 mg/kg/d) given for 7 days significantly increased the rate of ileal mucosal cell proliferation and ileal villus height after either 90% SBR or 75% proximal colonic resection in rats. In contrast, other studies in rat models of massive SBR did not demonstrate trophic effects of GH in small bowel.…”