Comparative effects of DHA and EPA on cell function

Gorjão, Renata; Azevedo-Martins, Anna Karenina; Rodrigues, Hosana Gomes; Abdulkader, Fernando; Arcísio-Miranda, Manoel; Procópio, Joaquim; Curi, Rui

doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.01.004

Cited by 167 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Both EPA and DHA have been reported to be generally beneficial in inflammatory and cardiovascular disorders. However, several studies have shown that EPA and DHA exert differential effects on several functions of leukocytes, insulin-secreting cells and endothelial cells 19) . In this study, the increase in the EPA/AA ratio, but not the DHA/AA ratio, was associated with the reduction of the CAVI by EPA treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Framingham Heart Study reported that a high plasma phosphatidylcholine DHA level was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of developing all-cause dementia 18) . On the other hand, several basic and clinical studies revealed differential effects of EPA and DHA on cardiovascular risk factors [19][20][21] . A cross-sectional observational study (ERA JUMP study) reported that the DHA, but not the EPA, level was negatively correlated with the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), one of the representative atherogenic indicators 20) .…”

Section: Study Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Increase in the EPA/AA Ratio is Associated with Improved Arterial Stiffness in Obese Patients with Dyslipidemia

Itô

Satoh‐Asahara

Yamakage

et al. 2014

JAT

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Aim: Previous epidemiological studies demonstrated that the ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with cardiovascular diseases. We herein investigated whether the beneficial effect of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on arterial stiffness is associated with changes in the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as EPA, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), relative to arachidonic acid (AA), in obese Japanese patients with dyslipidemia. Methods: The EPA/AA, DHA/AA and DGLA/AA ratios were compared between obese patients with (n=94) and without (n= 31) dyslipidemia. Among the former group, 88 patients received either highly purified EPA treatment (1.8 g daily, n = 45) or treatment without EPA (control, n = 43). Results: At baseline, the ratios of DHA/AA and DGLA/AA were significantly (P＜0.05) higher in obese patients with dyslipidemia than in those without, while the EPA/AA ratio was similar between patients with and without dyslipidemia. EPA significantly reduced the hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, CRP, cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) (an index of arterial stiffness) and the DGLA/AA ratio relative to the control at three months after the treatment. On the other hand, EPA significantly increased the adiponectin level and EPA/AA ratio (P＜0.05). A multivariate regression analysis revealed that only age, an increase in the EPA/AA ratio and a decrease in the CRP level were significant determinants of a reduction of the CAVI by EPA. Conclusion: These findings suggest that EPA improves the arterial stiffness in association with an increase in the EPA/AA ratio and a decrease in inflammation in obese patients with dyslipidemia. J Atheroscler Thromb, 2014; 21:248-260.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Increase in the EPA/AA Ratio is Associated with Improved Arterial Stiffness in Obese Patients with Dyslipidemia

Itô

Satoh‐Asahara

Yamakage

et al. 2014

JAT

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“…However, the effects of ω3, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have not been differentiated in most fish oil studies, even though these effects are not necessarily alike. Therefore, elucidating the different mechanisms of action of EPA and DHA could lead to substantial improvement in the therapeutic use of fish oil 1) . Clinical trials of fish oil have obscured the understanding of the physiological and pharmacological roles and health benefits of each ω3 2) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) Reduces Cardiovascular Events: Relationship with the EPA/Arachidonic Acid Ratio

Ohnishi

Saitō

2013

JAT

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The clinical efficacy of fish oil and high-purity eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester (hp-EPA-E) for treating cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been reported. Fish oil contains saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids that have pharmacological effects opposite to those of ω3 fatty acids (ω3). Moreover, ω3, such as EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), do not necessarily have the same metabolic and biological actions. This has obscured the clinical efficacy of ω3. Recently, the Japan EPA Lipid Intervention Study (JELIS) of hp-EPA-E established the clinical efficacy of EPA for CVD, and higher levels of blood EPA, not DHA, were found to be associated with a lower incidence of major coronary events. A significant reduction in the risk of coronary events was observed when the ratio of EPA to arachidonic acid (AA) (EPA/AA) was ＞0.75. Furthermore, the ratio of prostaglandin (

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“…DHA modulates a number of cell functions and exerts a wide range of biological effects including alterations in endothelial function, vascular reactivity, leukocyte and macrophage function, cytokine production and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (Gorjao et al 2009). In pregnancy, dietary supplementation with n-3 fatty acids confers significant clinical benefits, reducing the incidence of spontaneous preterm birth (Olsen et al 2000, Smuts et al 2003, Makrides et al 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of docosahexaenoic acid on preterm and term placental pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance

2013

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Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation in pregnancy may confer some clinical benefits; however, this compound can exert pro-oxidant effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of DHA on pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance in term and preterm placental explants, assessing oxidative stress marker concentrations, antioxidant capacity and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Term (nZ8) and preterm (nZ9) placental explants were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 ng/ml), DHA (1, 10 and 100 mM), and DHA and LPS simultaneously or pre-treated with DHA for 24 h prior to LPS treatment. The production of malondialdehyde (MDA, lipid peroxidation), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy guanosine (8-OHdG, oxidative DNA damage) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor a (TNFa), interleukin 6 and interferon-g) and total antioxidant capacity were measured. DHA at a concentration of 100 mM induced oxidative stress in term placentas, while at all the three concentrations, it induced oxidative stress in preterm placentas. DHA and LPS resulted in reduced MDA levels in term (P!0.005) and preterm (PZ0.004) placentas and reduced 8-OHdG levels in preterm placentas (PZ0.035). DHA pre-treatment, but not co-treatment with LPS, reduced 8-OHdG levels (P!0.001) in term placentas. DHA increased antioxidant capacity only in term placentas (P!0.001), with lower antioxidant capacity being observed overall in preterm placentas compared with term placentas (P%0.001). In term placentas, but not in preterm ones, DHA co-treatment and pre-treatment reduced LPS-induced TNFa levels. The ability of DHA to alter placental pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance is dependent on the DHA concentration used and the gestational age of the placental tissue. DHA has a greater capacity to increase oxidative stress in preterm placentas, but it offers greater protection against inflammation-induced oxidative stress in term placentas. This appears to be a result of DHA altering placental antioxidant capacity. These data have implications for the timing and concentration of DHA supplementation in pregnancy.

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Comparative effects of DHA and EPA on cell function

Cited by 167 publications

References 116 publications

An Increase in the EPA/AA Ratio is Associated with Improved Arterial Stiffness in Obese Patients with Dyslipidemia

An Increase in the EPA/AA Ratio is Associated with Improved Arterial Stiffness in Obese Patients with Dyslipidemia

Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) Reduces Cardiovascular Events: Relationship with the EPA/Arachidonic Acid Ratio

Differential effects of docosahexaenoic acid on preterm and term placental pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance

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