Comparative effectiveness-safety of conventional versus newer antiepileptics in epileptic patients in a tertiary care hospital, India

Abstract

<b>Background</b>: As initial monotherapy, individuals with epilepsy are treated with both conventional and newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The differences in their relative effectiveness and safety as a group, however, have not been thoroughly studied.<br /> <b>Objective:</b> To evaluate and compare the effectiveness and safety of conventional and newer anti-epileptic drugs in epileptic patients.<br /> <b>Material and methods:</b> A prospective comparative study was done in 126 epileptic patients. Patients divided into two groups Group A and B of 63 each received conventional and newer antiepileptic drugs respectively. Patients were allocated the AED based on type of epilepsy, patient characteristics and drug characteristics by the treating physician. Patients maintained a seizure diary which they filled weekly and this seizure diary was evaluated at 6 weeks and 12 weeks of follow up. Patients were assessed for adverse drug reactions (ADRs) at 0, 6 and 12 weeks of follow up and also for spontaneous reported ADRs at any time during the study.<br /> <b>Results:</b> In both group A and group B, our study demonstrated that seizure freedom, seizure severity, and time before first seizure did not differ significantly (p>0.5). Except for cognitive dysfunction, impaired memory, and swollen gums, which were more frequent in the conventional anti-epileptics group, the ADR profiles of both group of medications were similar. Phenytoin was found to cause gum swelling and cognitive impairment. No subject experienced a serious adverse event.<br /> <b>Conclusion:</b> Newer Antiepileptics as monotherapy are equally efficacious as conventional antiepileptics but may offer a better safety profile to epileptic patients.