Comparative effectiveness of five fecal immunochemical tests using colonoscopy as the gold standard: study protocol

Clock-Drawing Test as a Screening Tool for Cognitive Impairment Associated With Fecal Immunochemical Test Collection Errors

“…This study used data from our comparative effectiveness study to assess test characteristics of 5 FITs used for detection of advanced colorectal neoplasia, using optical colonoscopy as the gold standard. 5 Healthy patients scheduled for screening or surveillance colonoscopy were asked to collect stool samples using 5 different FITs from 1 bowel movement. Detailed step-by-step written and pictorial directions for collecting each of the FITs were provided.…”

“…Study methods for the comparative effectiveness project have been described previously and are summarized in Supplemental Appendix 1. 5 Health Questionnaire Each participant completed a 19-item health questionnaire that was adapted from our previous research. 21 Questions focused on the results of recent colorectal cancer screening tests, family history of colorectal cancer, perception of general health, medication use, smoking status, and demographics.…”

“…Mistakes made in our study, comparing the effectiveness of FITs with colonoscopy, included reporting an incorrect date, not including the date of the stool sample collection, or collecting the stool sample incorrectly. 5 Forgetting to return a specimen or provide the date of stool collection are tasks in which the participant forgets to do something, possibly due to short-term memory loss or inattention. 6 Collecting the stool specimen incorrectly demonstrates failure in executive function, since collection involves reading, understanding, and following instructions.…”

Biomarkers to Detect Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer

“…Notably the reporting of f-Hb present in the collection or measurement solution (which can differ across different FIT products) rather than quantity of f-Hb present [ 15 ]. Less well appreciated with regards to the test itself is evidence of inter product variability [ 7 , 16 ], an issue that potentially gains even more significance as point-of-care testing increases [ 17 ]. The use of different f-Hb cut-off concentrations is another confounding factor.…”

Diet-mediated gut microbial community modulation and signature metabolites as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, prevention and stage-specific treatment of colorectal cancer

“…However, evidence from recent studies shows that changing from a traditional to a Western diet increases the abundance of CRC-associated bacteria [11] , although the mechanisms connecting such bacteria directly to carcinogenesis have not yet been fully elucidated. Additionally, this alteration in the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota due to dietary changes has been linked to colorectal carcinogenesis [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] . Therefore, dietary changes from a traditional to Western diet could be a contributing factor for the rising trend of CRC cases among the young adults.…”