Comparative ecology of over-wintering Calanus finmarchicus in the northern North Atlantic, and implications for life-cycle patterns

Heath, Michael R.; Boyle, Peter R.; Gíslason, Ástþór; Gurney, William; Hay, Stephen; Head, Erica J. H.; Holmes, Steven J.; Ingvarsdottir, A.; Jónasdóttir, Sigrún; Lindeque, Penelope K.; Pollard, Raymond T; Rasmussen, Jens Bødtker; Richards, Kelvin J; Richardson, Katherine; Smerdon, Gary R.; Speirs, Douglas C.

doi:10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.03.013

Cited by 113 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As individuals make use of their phenotypic plasticity in behavior, physiology, and life cycle, and as natural selection acts on existing species and subpopulations, it is likely that shifts in the biogeography of copepod traits such as size, lipid content, and life history pattern will not move in lockstep with the biogeography of existing species (Barton et al, 2013). Indeed, subpopulations of individual copepod species display so much life-history and physiological diversity (Heath et al, 2004;Daase et al, 2013) that it is not clear what the basic units of a general species-based model would even be. Observations of hybridization among species (Parent et al, 2015) only underscore this problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copepod Life Strategy and Population Viability in Response to Prey Timing and Temperature: Testing a New Model across Latitude, Time, and the Size Spectrum

et al. 2016

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A new model ("Coltrane": Copepod Life-history Traits and Adaptation to Novel Environments) describes environmental controls on copepod populations via (1) phenology and life history and (2) temperature and energy budgets in a unified framework. The model tracks a cohort of copepods spawned on a given date using a set of coupled equations for structural and reserve biomass, developmental stage, and survivorship, similar to many other individual-based models. It then analyzes a family of cases varying spawning date over the year to produce population-level results, and families of cases varying one or more traits to produce community-level results. In an idealized globalscale testbed, the model correctly predicts life strategies in large Calanus spp. ranging from multiple generations per year to multiple years per generation. In a Bering Sea testbed, the model replicates the dramatic variability in the abundance of Calanus glacialis/marshallae observed between warm and cold years of the 2000s, and indicates that prey phenology linked to sea ice is a more important driver than temperature per se. In a Disko Bay, West Greenland testbed, the model predicts the viability of a spectrum of large-copepod strategies from income breeders with a adult size ∼100 µgC reproducing once per year through capital breeders with an adult size >1000 µgC with a multiple-year life cycle. This spectrum corresponds closely to the observed life histories and physiology of local populations of Calanus finmarchicus, C. glacialis, and Calanus hyperboreus. Together, these complementary initial experiments demonstrate that many patterns in copepod community composition and productivity can be predicted from only a few key constraints on the individual energy budget: the total energy available in a given environment per year; the energy and time required to build an adult body; the metabolic and predation penalties for taking too long to reproduce; and the size and temperature dependence of the vital rates involved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copepod Life Strategy and Population Viability in Response to Prey Timing and Temperature: Testing a New Model across Latitude, Time, and the Size Spectrum

et al. 2016

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“…The ecological success of these high-latitude copepods is partially attributable to their ability to avoid the seasonal scarcity of food by overwintering at depths between 500 and 1500 m, where temperatures range between approximately 0 and 8°C (e.g. Heath et al 2004, Edvardsen et al 2006). There are potentially 2 routes through which C. finmarchicus may be exposed to CO 2 -acidified seawater during their annual life cycle: (1) via atmospheric deposition/geological reservoir release of CO 2 in surface waters and (2) the passage of rising CO 2 plumes when in deeper waters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO2-induced acidification affects hatching success in Calanus finmarchicus

Mayor¹,

Matthews²,

Cook³

et al. 2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

133

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Bottle incubations were conducted to examine how exposure to seawater containing 8000 ppm carbon dioxide (CO 2 ; pH 6.95) influenced the growth and reproduction of the keystone copepod Calanus finmarchicus. The chosen concentration of CO 2 is expected to occur over 100s of cubic kilometres of seawater as a result of marine CO 2 storage/disposal, and is also representative of the predicted 'worst-case' atmospheric CO 2 scenario in the year 2300. Growth (egg production and biomass loss) in adult female copepods was not affected by the simulated ocean acidification. In contrast, a maximum of only 4% of the eggs successfully yielded nauplii after 72 h in the experimental treatment. Our results demonstrate that environmental risk assessments for marine CO 2 storage/disposal must look beyond adult mortality as an endpoint. Furthermore, if CO 2 is to be disposed of in the deep sea, the location and timing of such activities must take into consideration the overwintering populations of C. finmarchicus.

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“…7). Another source of inconsistency is that, in the model, it was assumed that only Stage C5 migrates down to diapause, but in reality the earlier stages can also enter diapause (Hirche 1996a, Heath et al 2004). …”

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Shelf recruitment of Calanus finmarchicus off the west coast of Norway: role of physical processes and timing of diapause termination

Samuelsen¹,

Huse²,

Hansen³

2009

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The copepod Calanus finmarchicus is an important part of the Norwegian Sea ecosystem because of its dominating abundance and importance as prey for fish larvae and adult planktivorous fish. The abundance of C. finmarchicus on the Norwegian shelf is generally low in winter, whereas in spring the shelf is replenished by individuals that overwinter at depth, either in fjords or in the deep basins of the Norwegian Sea. In the present study shelf recruitment is investigated using an individual-based model for C. finmarchicus coupled to the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model and a biophysical model. The model was set up on a nested grid along the west coast of Norway and used to study the shelf recruitment originating from the Norwegian Sea. We investigate the effect of wind, currents and the timing of Calanus ascent on the shelf abundance of C. finmarchicus. The most important findings are the following: (1) periods of large on-shelf transport are connected with strong westerly winds associated with passing low-pressure systems; (2) the transport of overwintering adults onto the shelf determines the total shelf abundance prior to mid-summer; (3) the early spring bloom on the shelf causes increased shelf population of C. finmarchicus in the spring and throughout the summer compared to the areas further off-shore; and (4) the entry routes taken by C. finmarchicus are related to bathymetry; in particular, the deep trenches around Halten Bank and the Norwegian trench are favoured places to enter the Norwegian shelf.KEY WORDS: Cross-shelf transport · Calanus · Diapause · Norwegian Sea · Herring recruitment Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 386: [163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180] 2009 population largely because of their 'direct access' to the Norwegian Coastal Current (NCC) and earlier reproduction (Rey 2004). In the present paper we focus on the C. finmarchicus in the Norwegian Sea and disregard the fjords. The shelf recruitment of C. finmarchicus can be separated into individuals that are transported from the open ocean to the shelf and new individuals that are produced on the shelf. It is presently unknown which of these is most important in determining the abundance of different stages of C. finmarchicus on the shelf.In studies of fish recruitment, much attention has been given to the importance of the timing of fish spawning in relation to the peak in nauplius abundance, motivated by the so-called match-mismatch hypothesis (Ellertsen et al. 1989, Cushing 1990). This hypothesis postulates that the survival of fish larvae is related to a match in the timing of occurrence of larvae and their food. The largest egg production rate in Calanus finmarchicus occurs during the spring bloom (Niehoff et al. 1999, Stenevik et al. 2007; consequently, the timing of the spring bloom influences nauplius abundance. The spring bloom occurs a month later in the Norwegian Sea compared to the shelf areas at similar ...

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Comparative ecology of over-wintering Calanus finmarchicus in the northern North Atlantic, and implications for life-cycle patterns

Cited by 113 publications

References 26 publications

Copepod Life Strategy and Population Viability in Response to Prey Timing and Temperature: Testing a New Model across Latitude, Time, and the Size Spectrum

Copepod Life Strategy and Population Viability in Response to Prey Timing and Temperature: Testing a New Model across Latitude, Time, and the Size Spectrum

CO2-induced acidification affects hatching success in Calanus finmarchicus

Shelf recruitment of Calanus finmarchicus off the west coast of Norway: role of physical processes and timing of diapause termination

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