Comparative developmental and molecular genetic aspects of leaf dissection

Gleissberg, Stefan

doi:10.1201/9781420024982.ch21

Cited by 13 publications

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“…The number of leaflets and tendrils of the compound leaf are reduced in uni plants, indicating a role of UNI in leaf dissection. UNI transcription marks the organogenetically competent marginal areas (marginal blastozones) during pinna formation, which are located near the leaf tip, consistent with the acropetal mode of leaflet formation in this species (Gleissberg 2002). Reduced leaflet numbers in mutant plants result from an abbreviated expression of UNI in leaf primordia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

EcFLO , a FLORICAULA -like gene from Eschscholzia californica is expressed during organogenesis at the vegetative shoot apex

Büsch

Gleissberg

2003

Planta

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FLORICAULA/ LEAFY-like genes were initially characterized as flower meristem identity genes. In a range of angiosperms, expression occurs also in vegetative shoot apices and developing leaves, and in some species with dissected leaves expression is perpetuated during organogenesis at the leaf marginal blastozone. The evolution of these expression patterns and associated functions is not well understood. We have isolated and characterized a FLORICAULA-like gene from California Poppy, Eschscholzia californica Cham. (Papaveraceae), a species belonging to the basal eudicot clade Ranunculales. EcFLO encodes a putative 416-amino-acid protein with highest similarity to homologous genes from Trochodendron and Platanus. We show that EcFLO mRNA is expressed during the vegetative phase of the shoot apical meristem and in developing dissected leaves in a characteristic manner. This pattern is compared to that of other eudicots and discussed in terms of evolution of FLORICAULA expression and function.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

EcFLO , a FLORICAULA -like gene from Eschscholzia californica is expressed during organogenesis at the vegetative shoot apex

Büsch

Gleissberg

2003

Planta

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“…In a vast majority of vascular plants, pinnately or palmately dissected leaves are formed through localized growth enhancement or suppression during the early morphogenetic phase of leaf development (Kaplan, 1984;Sinha, 1999;Dengler and Tsukaya, 2001;Gleissberg, 2002). By contrast, the complex leaf shapes of a handful of monocotyledonous species arise solely through the death of discrete patches of cells early in the leaf expansion phase (Melville and Wrigley, 1969;Kaplan, 1984;Greenberg, 1996;Jones and Dangl, 1996;Beers, 1997;Pennell and Lamb, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Programmed Cell Death Remodels Lace Plant Leaf Shape during Development[W]

2004

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Programmed cell death (PCD) functions in the developmental remodeling of leaf shape in higher plants, a process analogous to digit formation in the vertebrate limb. In this study, we provide a cytological characterization of the time course of events as PCD remodels young expanding leaves of the lace plant. Tonoplast rupture is the first PCD event in this system, indicated by alterations in cytoplasmic streaming, loss of anthocyanin color, and ultrastructural appearance. Nuclei become terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling positive soon afterward but do not become morphologically altered until late stages of PCD. Genomic DNA is fragmented, but not into internucleosomal units. Other cytoplasmic changes, such as shrinkage and degradation of organelles, occur later. This form of PCD resembles tracheary element differentiation in cytological execution but requires unique developmental regulation so that discrete panels of tissue located equidistantly between veins undergo PCD while surrounding cells do not.

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“…Although acropetal-polyternate leaves occur in some Papaveroideae species such as Roemeria refracta, this type is not common in this subfamily and is absent in Chelidonioideae. An important step in the evolution of basipetal and divergent modes of dissection in Papaveraceae leaves was the retention of blastozone competence along the developing petiole margins, abolishing the strict delimitation of blade and petiole characteristic for polyternate-acropetal leaves (Gleissberg and Kadereit, 1999;Gleissberg, 2002). In Eschscholzioideae, scanning electron microscopy did not reveal noticeable indications for early histogenesis at the petiole margins, such as cell enlargement, that could account for blastozone inactivation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the future, investigations using molecular markers for blastozone competence (Gourlay et al, 2000;Dengler and Tsukaya, 2001;Bharathan et al, 2002;Gleissberg, 2002), cell division (Brandstadter et al, 1994;Kang and Dengler, 2002) and levels of plant growth regulators such as auxin (Ljung et al, 2001;Tsiantis et al, 2002;Aloni et al, 2003) should help to clarify relationships between the directionality of dissection, of histogenesis, and of growth distribution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Certain parts of the leaf blastozone (the marginal regions competent for primordium formation), such as along the developing petiole and rachis units, may become permanently inactivated at an early stage. This process may determine whether or not lateral primordia are initiated during intercalary elongation of the petiole, conditioning different architectures of the mature leaf (Gleissberg, 2002). Blastozone inactivation or loss is frequently accompanied by cell vacuolation and trichome formation, indicating that the organogenic ability of blastozones precludes histogenic processes and requires densely cytoplasmic meristematic tissue (Hagemann and Gleissberg, 1996).…”

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Comparative analysis of leaf shape development in Eschscholzia californica and other Papaveraceae‐Eschscholzioideae

Gleissberg

2004

American J of Botany

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Dissected leaves in Papaveraceae-Eschscholzioideae have an architecture frequently encountered in the basal eudicot clade Ranunculales that could represent an ancestral condition for eudicots. Developmental morphology of foliage leaves was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and focusing on primordium formation activity (primary morphogenesis) at the leaf margin. Eschscholzia californica, E. lobii, and Hunnemannia fumariaefolia had a polyternate-acropetal mode of leaf dissection. Segment formation continued around the whole leaf blade periphery. Differences in mature leaf architecture was traced to variations in regional blastozone activity and duration. Epidermal cell size measurements in E. californica indicated that the leaf tip tissue starts to differentiate already at the onset of organogenic activity and that tip cells remain larger than epidermal cells at the basal margins during further growth. It is argued that early differentiation of the tip does not set up a general basipetal differentiation gradient, but is a local effect that allows acropetal pinna initiation to occur in subapical blastozones. In Dendromecon, secondarily entire leaves have evolved through the loss of primordium formation activity. Marginal corrugations found in Dendromecon form late in development and are not reminiscent of lateral primordia.Key words: blastozone; Dendromecon; Eschscholzia; histogenesis; Hunnemannia; leaf dissection; primary morphogenesis.The wide variation in number and arrangement of pinnae and other leaf segments such as lobes and serrations in many dicot plants arises during an early organogenic phase of leaf development before leaves have grown to a size of 1 or 2 mm. The formation of marginal primordia during this critical period of primary morphogenesis proceeds in often distinct directions, such as acropetal or basipetal. Certain parts of the leaf blastozone (the marginal regions competent for primordium formation), such as along the developing petiole and rachis units, may become permanently inactivated at an early stage. This process may determine whether or not lateral primordia are initiated during intercalary elongation of the petiole, conditioning different architectures of the mature leaf (Gleissberg, 2002). Blastozone inactivation or loss is frequently accompanied by cell vacuolation and trichome formation, indicating that the organogenic ability of blastozones precludes histogenic processes and requires densely cytoplasmic meristematic tissue (Hagemann and Gleissberg, 1996). Progressing histogenesis may therefore restrict blastozones and affect patterns of organogenic activity within the leaf.Beside region-specific blastozone inactivation via marginal histogenesis, a major determinant of dissection patterns may be different rates of primordium formation within the blastozone. Species with multi-dissected leaves often have periplastic blastozones, in which primordium formation activity continues around the entire growing periphery. Here, directional initiation of pinnae is soon accompani...

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Comparative developmental and molecular genetic aspects of leaf dissection

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

EcFLO , a FLORICAULA -like gene from Eschscholzia californica is expressed during organogenesis at the vegetative shoot apex

EcFLO , a FLORICAULA -like gene from Eschscholzia californica is expressed during organogenesis at the vegetative shoot apex

Programmed Cell Death Remodels Lace Plant Leaf Shape during Development[W]

Comparative analysis of leaf shape development in Eschscholzia californica and other Papaveraceae‐Eschscholzioideae

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