Comparative cytotoxicity induced by parabens and their halogenated byproducts in human and fish cell lines

Ball, Ashley L.; Solan, Megan E.; Franco, Marco E.; Lavado, Ramón

doi:10.1080/01480545.2022.2100900

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 61 publications

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“…However, the recent studies have found that parabens may negatively affect the endocrine system, and therefore they are classified as endocrine disruptors [1,2]. Moreover, parabens show cytotoxic and genotoxic activities and may negatively affect various internal systems, including among others reproductive, immune and nervous systems [10][11][12]. In addition, some observations have confirmed connections between exposure to parabens and obesity, allergies, inflammatory processes, developmental diseases and cancer [5,[13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Biomonitoring of parabens in wild boars through hair samples analysis

Gonkowski,

Tzatzarakis,

Vakonaki

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Parabens are compounds widely utilized in the industry as preservative additives to personal care products, cosmetics and food. They pollute the environment and penetrate to the living organisms through the digestive tract, respiratory system and skin. Till now the knowledge about exposure of terrestrial wild mammals to parabens is extremely scarce. Therefore, this study for the first time assessed the concentration levels of five parabens commonly used in industry (methylparaben—MeP, ethylparaben—EtP propylparaben–PrP, benzylparaben -BeP and butylparaben–BuP). Substances have been analyzed in hair samples collected from wild boars using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method. The hair is a matrix, which allows to study long-term exposure of organisms to parabens. During this study MeP was noted in 96.3% of samples with mean 88.3±72.9 pg/mg, PrP in 87.0% of samples with mean 8.5±3.3 pg/mg, BeP in 44.4% of samples with mean 17.2±12.3 pg/mg and EtP in 11.1% of samples with mean 17.2±4.8 pg/mg. In turn BuP was noted only in 3.7% of samples with concentration levels below limit of quantification (2.6 pg/mg). Statistically significant intragender differences in parabens levels have not been noted. Only BeP concentration levels depended on industrialization and density of human population of area, where the animals lived. This study indicates that wild boars are exposed to parabens, especially to MeP and PrP, and analysis of the hair seems to be a useful tool of biomonitoring of parabens in wild mammals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Biomonitoring of parabens in wild boars through hair samples analysis

Gonkowski,

Tzatzarakis,

Vakonaki

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Accumulation of Parabens, Their Metabolites, and Halogenated Byproducts in Migratory Birds of Prey: A Comparative Study in Texas and North Carolina, USA

Rojo,

Ball,

Penrose

et al. 2024

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Parabens are alkyl esters of p‐hydroxybenzoic acid that are commonly used as preservatives in personal care products such as cosmetics. Recent studies have revealed the presence of parabens in surface and tap water because of their use as disinfection products; however, little is known about their occurrence in biological samples and their bioaccumulation potential, particularly in raptor birds known as sentinels for pollutant detection. We examined the occurrence and tissue distribution of parabens, their metabolites, and halogenated byproducts in the liver, kidney, brain, and muscle of birds of prey from Texas and North Carolina (USA). Methylparaben (MeP), propylparaben (PrP), and butylparaben (BuP) were detected in more than 50% of all tissues examined, with the kidney exhibiting the highest concentration of MeP (0.65–6.84 ng/g wet wt). Para‐hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA), a primary metabolite, had the highest detection frequency (>50%) and a high accumulation range in the liver, of 4.64 to 12.55 ng/g. The chlorinated compounds chloromethylparaben and chloroethylparaben were found in over half of the tissues, of which dichloromethylparaben (2.20–3.99 ng/g) and dichloroethylparaben (1.01–5.95 ng/g) in the kidney exhibited the highest concentrations. The dibrominated derivatives dibromideethylparaben (Br2EtP) was detected in more than 50% of samples, particularly in muscle and brain. Concentrations in the range of 0.14 to 17.38 ng/g of Br2EtP were detected in the kidney. Dibromidepropylparaben (Br2PrP) was not frequently detected, but concentrations ranged from 0.09 to 21.70 ng/g in muscle. The accumulations of total amounts (sum) of parent parabens (∑P), metabolites (∑M), and halogenated byproducts (∑H) in different species were not significantly different, but their distribution in tissues differed among the species. Positive correlations were observed among MeP, PrP, BuP, and PHBA in the liver, suggesting similar origins and metabolic pathways. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1–12. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

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