Comparative Cytotoxic Evaluation of Zygophyllum album Root and Aerial Parts of Different Extracts and Their Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Lung A549 and Prostate PC-3 Cancer Cell Lines

Abstract

The current work demonstrates a comparative study between aerial and root parts of Zygophyllum album L. The total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC), in addition to the antioxidant activity, of the crude extracts were investigated, where the aerial parts revealed a higher value overall. By means of UV–VIS and HPLC, rutin and caffeic acid were detected and then quantified as 5.91 and 0.97 mg/g of the plant extract, respectively. Moreover, the biosynthesis of AgNPs utilizing the crude extract of the arial parts and root of Z. album L. and the phenolic extracts was achieved in an attempt to enhance the cytotoxicity of the different plant extracts. The prepared AgNPs formulations were characterized by TEM and zeta potential measurements, which revealed that all of the formulated AgNPs were of a small particle diameter and were highly stable. The mean hydrodynamic particle size ranged from 67.11 to 80.04 nm, while the zeta potential ranged from 29.1 to 38.6 mV. Upon biosynthesis of the AgNPs using the extracts, the cytotoxicity of the tested samples was improved, so the polyphenolics AgNPs of the aerial parts exhibited a potent cytotoxicity against lung A549 and prostate PC-3 cancer cells with IC50 values of 6.1 and 4.36 µg/mL, respectively, compared with Doxorubicin (IC50 values of 6.19 and 5.13 µg/mL, respectively). Regarding the apoptotic activity, polyphenolics AgNPs of the aerial parts induced apoptotic cell death by 4.2-fold in PC-3 and 4.7-fold in A549 cells compared with the untreated control. The mechanism of apoptosis in both cancerous cells appeared to be via the upregulation proapoptotic genes; p53, Bax, caspase 3, 8, and 9, and the downregulation of antiapoptotic gene, Bcl-2. Hence, this formula may serve as a good source for anticancer agents against PC-3 and A549 cells.

Ethanolic Extract from Fruits of Pintoa chilensis, a Chilean Extremophile Plant. Assessment of Antioxidant Activity and In Vitro Cytotoxicity

“…More specifically, extracts of Fagonia arabica, F. mollis, and F. creticus plants collected in Egypt, whose geographic conditions are like those of the Atacama Desert, exhibited TPC values between 4.38-9.62 mg GAE/g DW, whereas TFC values between 5.11-7.16 mg QE/g DW were obtained [59]. Similarly, a study of Zygophyllum album aerial and root extracts yielded TPC values equal to 3.86 and 5.26 mg GAE/g DW, and TFC values of 2.33 and 1.36 mg QE/g DW, respectively [60].…”

“…For instance, applying the DPPH method to extracts derived from Fagonia arabica, F. mollis, and F. criticus, plants from the Egyptian Desert, revealed IC 50 values ranging between 740 to 820 mg/L [59]. In contrast, an IC 50 of 291.9 mg/L was reported for a methanol extract from the aerial parts of a Zygophyllum album plant, also sourced from Egypt [60]. Similarly, methanolic and water/methanol extracts from Tribulus terrestris, harvested in southern Pakistan, displayed IC 50 values of 71.4 mg/L and 141.2 mg/L, respectively [44].…”

Optical Characteristics of Silver Nanoparticles Obtained Using Artemisia tilesii Ledeb. "Hairy" Root Extracts With High Flavonoid Content

“…Obtaining AgNPs is of interest not only as a method and assessment of the level of reducing power, but also as an independent biotechnological process of creating a product (nanoparticles), which can find wide practical applications due to having anticancer effect, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycemic activity [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], as well as anti-quorum sensing potential [26]. Advances of such "green" silver, zink, gold, platinum, nickel, aluminum and iron nanoparticles are widely researched [27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

Targeting EGFR and Monitoring Tumorigenesis of Human Lung Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo Using Nanodiamond-Conjugated Specific EGFR Antibody

“…Different types of nanoparticles have been widely used in cancer detection and diagnosis, such as metal [ 7 ], non-metal [ 8 ], polymer [ 9 ], etc. Nanodiamond (ND) is a carbon-based nanomaterial for bio-imaging and bio-sensing [ 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”