Comparative cytomolecular analyses reveal karyotype variability related to biogeographic and species richness patterns in Bombacoideae (Malvaceae)

Costa, Lucas; Oliveira, Álex; Carvalho-Sobrinho, Jefferson Guedes de; Souza, Gustavo

doi:10.1007/s00606-017-1427-6

Cited by 17 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Adansonia digitata of South American origin was reported to have four-terminal CMA3 bands and occupied the entire half of each chromosome as shown in Costa et al 35 , but 45S rDNA was not specifically addressed in their report. Our results in A. digitata indicate that the structural organization of the 45S rDNA bearing chromosomes are quite different than that of the A. digitata studied by Costa et al 35 . In our study, the main chromosome body of A. digitata was about half or less of the size of the NOR when condensed at its maximum, or in other words, the NORs are two to four times larger (depending on the degree of condensation,) than the main body of each 45S rDNA bearing chromosome (Figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Using the flow cytometry method with Zea mays L. 'CE-777′ (2C = 5.43 pg) and Glycine max Merr. 'Polanka' (2C = 2.50 pg) as standards, Costa et al 35 reported 1.67 pg/1Cx for A. digitata, but they did not provide details of their experimental procedure. On the other hand, Cron et al 31 reported 3.04 pg/2C for the nuclear DNA content of A. digitata, which is similar to our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our modified enzymatic digestion of protoplast technique 40 works well to prepare chromosome spreads from plant species with a higher number of small chromosomes like A. digitata (this report) or Hibiscus hamabo 41 . A key feature of this method is allowing the chromosomes to spread naturally on the glass slides without squashing them with cover slips ( for CMA3 banding, and nine and ten species excluding A. digitata for 45S rDNA and 5S rDNA, respectively, with FISH 35 . It is commonly accepted that the 45S rDNA loci in different species are associated with CMA3 banding [51][52][53] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New chromosome number and cyto-molecular characterization of the African Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) - “The Tree of Life”

Islam‐Faridi

Sakhanokho

Nelson

2020

Sci Rep

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new chromosome number and cyto-molecular characterization of the African Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.)-"the tree of Life" nurul islam-faridi 1,5* , Hamidou F. Sakhanokho 2,5 & c. Dana nelson 3,4 the African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.), also referred to as the "Tree of Life", is a majestic, longlived and multipurpose tree of sub-Saharan Africa. Internationally, a growing demand for baobab products in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries has been observed. Considering this, there is a need for scientific information on the genetics and breeding of A. digitata, including cytogenetics, genetic diversity and reproductive biology. The objectives of our cytogenetic research were to determine the genome size, chromosome number, and organization of ribosomal DNA (45S and 5SrDNA) of A. digitata. Flow cytometry analysis revealed a 2C-DNA value of 3.8 ± 0.6 pg (1Cx monoploid genome size 919.1 ± 62.9 Mbp). Using our improved chromosome preparation technique, we were able to unequivocally count the chromosomes resulting in 2n = 4x = 168, a revised chromosome number for A. digitata. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed two massively large variants of 45S rDNA and their corresponding nucleolus organizer regions (NOR). The NOR variants were about two to four times larger than the main body of their respective chromosomes. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this phenomenon in a plant species. Furthermore, we found that FISH analysis using the Arabidopsis-type telomere repeat sequence probe clarified and confirmed the new chromosome number and characterized the 45S rDNA structural organization. The African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is the largest and best known of the eight Adansonia species and reported to be native to mainland Africa 1-3. It is widespread throughout the hot, drier regions of tropical Africa, extending from northern Tanzania and Namibia to Ethiopia, Sudan, and the northern fringes of the Sahara 1. Adansonia digitata is often referred to by its vernacular name, baobab, which is believed to originate from the Arabic word "buhibab" or "fruit with many seeds" 4,5. The genus Adansonia is named after Michel Adanson who brought baobab seeds to Paris in 1754 and who was the first person to provide a comprehensive description and drawing of the tree after his visit to Senegal 5,6. Despite having hermaphrodite flowers, A. digitata is mainly selfincompatible 7. This majestic tree, known as the "Tree of Life", is deciduous, reaching up to 20-25 m in height and 20 m in trunk diameter 1,2,8 and living for hundreds or even thousands of years 9. A recent radiocarbon dating 10 study estimated the age of the Glencoe baobab tree located in the Limpopo Province of South Africa to be about 1,800 years 11. The baobab is a multipurpose tree that is extensively used for both its nutritional and medicinal values. Virtually, every part of the baobab tree is useful, and the "Tree of Life" lives up to its name as it is reported to have

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New chromosome number and cyto-molecular characterization of the African Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) - “The Tree of Life”

Islam‐Faridi

Sakhanokho

Nelson

2020

Sci Rep

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“…This could reflect a lack of statistical power or indicate that other factors besides the adaptation leading to evolutionary radiations in seasonally dry conditions are the main drivers of diversification in Bombacoideae, contrasting with results from other Malvaceae (Areces‐Berazain & Ackerman, ). Other potential drivers of diversification in Bombacoideae include plant‐pollinator interactions, fruit/seed evolution and changes in ploidy level (Carvalho‐Sobrinho et al, ; Costa, Oliveira, Carvalho‐Sobrinho, & Souza, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transitions between biomes are common and directional in Bombacoideae (Malvaceae)

Zizka

Carvalho-Sobrinho

Pennington

et al. 2020

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim:To quantify evolutionary transitions between tropical evergreen rain forest and seasonally dry biomes, to test whether biome transitions affect lineage diversification and to examine the robustness of these results to methodological choices.Location: The tropics. Time period: The Cenozoic.Major taxa studied: The plant subfamily Bombacoideae (Malvaceae). Methods:We inferred ancestral biomes based on a fossil-dated molecular phylogeny of 103 species (59% of the clade) and recorded the number of transitions among biomes using biogeographical stochastic mapping based on the dispersal-extinctioncladogenesis model. We then estimated diversification rates using state-specific speciation and extinction rate (SSE) methods. Furthermore, we tested the sensitivity of the results to model choice, phylogenetic uncertainty, measurement error and biome definition. Results:We found numerous transitions from evergreen rain forest to seasonally dry biomes, and fewer in the opposite direction. These results were robust to methodological choices. Biome type did not influence diversification rates, although this result was subject to uncertainty, especially related to model choice and biome definition. Main conclusions:Our results contradict the idea of evolutionary biome conservatism in Bombacoideae, and support previous findings that evergreen rain forests serve as a source for the flora of seasonally dry biomes. The impact of biome classification and biome definition on the results suggest caution when using a biome concept for biogeographical reconstruction and diversification rate analysis. K E Y W O R D S biome connectivity, biome shift, diversification, rain forest, seasonality, seasonally dry biomes, tropical biodiversity | 1311 ZIZKA et Al. Jefferson G. Carvalho-Sobrinho https://orcid. org/0000-0003-3605-0707 R. Toby Pennington

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“…However, it is not clear if the timing of diversification of a given lineage reflects variation at the cytogenetic level. For example, there are cases of recently evolved lineages with highly variable karyotypes (e.g., genus Nothoscordum [Amaryllidaceae] Souza et al, 2012), and ancient groups showing high karyotype stability (e.g., subfamily Bombacoideae [Malvaceae] Costa et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low cytomolecular diversification in the genus Stylosanthes Sw. (Papilionoideae, Leguminosae)

et al. 2020

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Stylosanthes (Papilionoideae, Leguminosae) is a predominantly Neotropical genus with~48 species that include worldwide important forage species. This study presents the chromosome number and morphology of eight species of the genus Stylosanthes (S. acuminata, S. gracilis, S. grandifolia, S. guianensis, S. hippocampoides, S. pilosa, S. macrocephala, and S. ruellioides). In addition, staining with CMA and DAPI, in situ hybridization with 5S and 35S rDNA probes, and estimation of DNA content were performed. The interpretation of Stylosanthes chromosome diversification was anchored by a comparison with the sister genus Arachis and a dated molecular phylogeny based on nuclear and plastid loci. Stylosanthes species showed 2n = 20, with low cytomolecular diversification regarding 5S rDNA, 35S rDNA, and genome size. Arachis has a more ancient diversification (~7 Mya in the Pliocene) than the relatively recent Stylosanthes (~2 Mya in the Pleistocene), and it seems more diverse than its sister lineage. Our data support the idea that the cytomolecular stability of Stylosanthes in relation to Arachis could be a result of its recent origin. The recent diversification of Stylosanthes could also be related to the low morphological differentiation among species, and to the recurrent formation of allopolyploid complexes.

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Comparative cytomolecular analyses reveal karyotype variability related to biogeographic and species richness patterns in Bombacoideae (Malvaceae)

Cited by 17 publications

References 60 publications

New chromosome number and cyto-molecular characterization of the African Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) - “The Tree of Life”

New chromosome number and cyto-molecular characterization of the African Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) - “The Tree of Life”

Transitions between biomes are common and directional in Bombacoideae (Malvaceae)

Low cytomolecular diversification in the genus Stylosanthes Sw. (Papilionoideae, Leguminosae)

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