Comparative cost of walking in young and old adults

Waters, Robert L.; Hislop, Helen J.; Perry, Jacquelin; Thomas, Lynn K.; Campbell, Joyce

doi:10.1002/jor.1100010110

Cited by 60 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…EEs recorded in the control group at rest and when walking were in line with data reported for active male subjects [20,27,39]. The rate for control subjects when walking was slightly higher than [40] or similar to [1] that generally reported because our physically fit population adopted a more rapid spontaneous pace.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Influence of terrain on metabolic and temporal gait characteristics of unilateral transtibial amputees

Paysant¹,

Beyaert²,

Datié³

et al. 2006

JRRD

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Abstract-The difficulties confronted by amputees during overground walking are rarely investigated. In this study, we evaluated, in real-world situations, the influence of ground surface on walking in young, active amputees by measuring temporal and spatial gait parameters (free walking speed [FWS], step length [SL], step rate), energy expenditure (EE) (e.g., oxygen uptake, oxygen cost [O 2 C]), and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE). Ten active transtibial amputees and ten nondisabled control subjects walked at self-selected speeds on three types of ground surface (asphalt, mown lawn, and high grass). No significant differences were observed between the two groups on asphalt and mown lawn. Differences between nondisabled subjects and amputees occurred for FWS (p = 0.03) and O 2 C (p = 0.04) on asphalt and mown lawn and for all variables in high grass. When amputees (even though very active) were exposed to a particularly difficult environment, their FWS decreased (p = 0.008) and their EE and RPE increased (p = 0.005) compared with nondisabled subjects. In high grass, both groups reduced their self-selected speeds (-15% for control subjects and -16% for amputees). Control subjects reduced their velocity by reducing both SL (-8.7%) and cadence (-7.1%), whereas amputees reduced their velocity by reducing SL (-17%) only.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Influence of terrain on metabolic and temporal gait characteristics of unilateral transtibial amputees

Paysant¹,

Beyaert²,

Datié³

et al. 2006

JRRD

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“…The 6MWT performance remained consistent throughout the study even after the subjects were fit with four different prosthetic feet. The walking velocities of this study group were found to be faster than prior studies have reported, especially with the PVD group [44][45]. The non-PVD group was faster than the PVD group but not statistically significant.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Application of self-report and performance-based outcome measures to determine functional differences between four categories of prosthetic feet

Gailey

Gaunaurd

Agrawal

et al. 2012

JRRD

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Abstract-Weand five without PVD, completed testing. Subjects were tested at baseline and after receiving training with their existing prosthesis and with the study socket and four prosthetic feet, i.e., SACH (solid ankle cushion heel), SAFE (stationary attachment flexible endoskeletal), Talux, and Proprio feet, over 8 to 10 weeks. Training was administered between testing sessions. No differences were detected by the PEQ-13, LCI, 6MWT, or SAM following training and after fitting with test feet. The AMPPRO demonstrated differences following training with the existing prosthesis in the PVD group and between selected feet from baseline testing (p

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“…Energy expenditure for the task was defined as the average of oxygen consumption from the end of the task to oneminute after task completion. The latter time point was selected to represent the energy expenditure for the task because: (a) for many individuals in the VF and VH groups, the instrument did not capture or record a breath or recorded very few breaths on expiration during the reading task, and (b) oxygen consumption continued to increase during the minute after the reading task, indicating that participants tended to pay for the task after the task had been completed (Mc Cardle et al, 2007;Waters et al, 1983). One of the reasons for the lack of or minimal recorded breaths during the task could be attributable to "possible breath holding" during reading by participants resulting in minimal airflow on expiration (Gillespie, GartnerSchmidt, Rubinstein, & Verdolini-Abbott, 2013) and the inability of the instrument to record a breath on expiration.…”

Section: Gross Metabolic Cost For Readingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Mechanisms of Vocal Fatigue

2017

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Vocal fatigue is among the most debilitating conditions affecting individuals with voice disorders. Impressions about mechanisms potentially underlying vocal fatigue have varied depending on how fatigue is defined, participants studied, and measures made, thereby impacting the selection of treatment strategies that may alleviate the condition. However, little is currently known about actual metabolic mechanisms of vocal fatigue. The current study aimed to address this issue by investigating the hypothesis that neuromuscular inefficiency, cardiovascular recovery deficits, or both, may play a role in fatigue. The approach replicated well-vetted approaches in exercise physiology.Metabolic profiles of subjects with vocal fatigue were assessed using gas exchange measures in comparison to two non-fatigue groups: vocally healthy and cardiovascular trained individuals, recruited based on results from a newly vetted questionnaire, the Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI) and laryngeal examination. Participants read out loud at two different loudness levels for a duration of 5 minutes for each task with periods of rest between tasks. Metabolic cost for and recovery time from reading were same across all groups. Oxygen uptake and recovery kinetics (EPOC), ratings of perceived exertion revealed interesting patterns in individuals with vocal fatigue compared to cardiovascular trained individuals in particular.Specifically, slow oxygen uptake kinetics in the vocal fatigue compared to the cardiovascular iv trained group pointed to utilization of anaerobic energy source to meet the demands of the reading task in the vocal fatigue group, suggesting neuromuscular inefficiency. In contrast, rapid oxygen uptake kinetics in the cardiovascular trained group pointed to utilization of aerobic energy sources and greater neuromuscular efficiency. Similarly, a greater number of individuals in vocal fatigue and vocally healthy groups showed an increase in oxygen consumption post reading (EPOC) compared to the cardiovascular trained group, indicating possible cardiovascular recovery deficits in the former groups.In addition to uncovering potential mechanisms underlying vocal fatigue, including neuromuscular inefficiency and cardiovascular recovery deficits, results from the present study highlight the potential importance of aerobic training to generate aerobic energy required for vocal task demands for both ease of task performance and recovery from it. In sharp contrast to the situation for voice, fatigue as a common physical phenomenon more generally has received extensive attention in the physical therapy, sports medicine, and exercise physiology literature. Three broad schools of thought identify mechanisms pertaining to the origins of physical fatigue: (1) peripheral mechanisms (Allen, Lamb, & Westerblad, 2008;Asmussen, 1979;Edwards, 1981;Fitts, 1994;Westerblad, Allen, & Lannergren, 2002;Westerblad, Lee, Lannergren, & Allen, 1991), (2) The next pages and chapters provide pertinent background information on vocal fatigue, fatigue as understood ...

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Comparative cost of walking in young and old adults

Cited by 60 publications

References 9 publications

Influence of terrain on metabolic and temporal gait characteristics of unilateral transtibial amputees

Influence of terrain on metabolic and temporal gait characteristics of unilateral transtibial amputees

Application of self-report and performance-based outcome measures to determine functional differences between four categories of prosthetic feet

Metabolic Mechanisms of Vocal Fatigue

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