Comparative contamination rate of toys in kindergartens and households

Biranjia-Hurdoyal, Susheela; Quirin, Tania

doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2012.04.337

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Although we identify some research on the hygiene of toys in health settings [6,16], the study of their use related to teaching and learning also needs special attention, since it is known that day care centers are considered important sites for direct transmission and indirect use of infectious microorganisms [4,[10][11][12][17][18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hygiene of Toys in Day Care Centers: a Care With Children

Simão¹,

Prata²,

Zornoff³

et al. 2017

int arch med

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Background: Toys enable nursing care qualification and extension because they provide a range of possibilities that can temper children's coping with several different situations, by which means they can express feelings and establish confidence ties with the professionals that care for them. However, there is evidence in the literature that toys are vehicles of microorganism transmission and a source of cross-infection.Objective: To investigate how the hygiene of the toys are used in day care centers and the possible tendencies in the processes are done.Method: Descriptive study, cross-sectional, having as a unit of observation 51 day care centers. The object of investigation was the toy hygiene procedure, in which the information on the variables was obtained by interview and recorded in an online questionnaire.Results: It was observed that the water and the soap was the most used method of hygiene (72.5%) and the periodicity of cleaning was twice a month or more in 50% of the units interviewed, and six day care centers declared no such procedure. Conclusion:There was no standardized procedures in the technique hygiene of the toys used in the sample of day care centers studied. Although most institutions demonstrate intent to carry out the hygiene of the toys procedure, it is necessary to equip practitioners to deal with this issue.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By facting of the toys used in the kindergarten have a higher rate of contamination than the toys used by children in their homes, at 75% and 60%, respectively, scholars disagree with the practice of bringing personal toys to the kindergartens school and bringing them back home routinely [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hygiene of Toys in Day Care Centers: a Care With Children

Simão¹,

Prata²,

Zornoff³

et al. 2017

int arch med

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“…Several studies globally have shown that diarrhoea-causing organisms are prevalent on fomites. Young children share their toys, play on dirty floors and put items in their mouths which all could contribute to the transmission of diarrhoea-causing pathogens [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19]. In Atlanta (USA) toys tested from DCCs were contaminated with faecal coliforms [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Atlanta (USA) toys tested from DCCs were contaminated with faecal coliforms [6]. In Mauritius [13] and New Zealand [9], it was found that soft toys tested from DCCs, households and waiting rooms had higher levels of bacterial contamination compared to nonporous toys. In Costa Rica, it was reported that paediatric hospital toys were contaminated with Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Sternotrophomonas malthophilia and Enterococcus spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Contamination of Children’s Toys in Rural Day Care Centres and Households in South Africa

Ledwaba

Becker

Traore-Hoffman

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Background: Young children exhibit a high susceptibility to several diarrhoea-causing bacterial microorganisms. In this study, the prevalence of fecal contamination on children’s toys was determined using total coliform and E. coli as bacterial fecal indicators. The prevalence of diarrhoeagenic E. coli strains were used as an indication of the potential health risks. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out for 3 months in rural communities in the Vhembe district, Limpopo province of South Africa. Nonporous plastic toys (n = 137) used by children under 5 years of age in households and day care centres (DCCs) from rural villages were collected for assessment. New toys (n = 109) were provided to the households and DCCs and collected again after 4 weeks. Microbiological assessment was carried out using the Colilert® Quanti-Tray/2000 system. Diarrhoeagenic E. coli strains were identified using a published multiplex PCR protocol. Results: Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) conditions of the children in the households and DCCs were assessed. Statistical analysis was used to identify the relationship between fecal contamination of the existing and introduced toys. All the existing and introduced toy samples, both from DCCs and households, tested positive for total coliform counts and 61 existing and introduced toy samples tested positive for E. coli counts. Diarrhoeagenic E. coli strains identified included EHEC, ETEC, EPEC, EIEC and EAEC. Conclusions: The results indicated that water, sanitation and hygiene conditions could be responsible in the contamination of children’s toys and the transmission of diarrhoea to young children.

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